Environmental Science and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Science and Design - Essay ExampleThe town of Dhamra is a teeny business centre with a fishing jetty and trawler base. The proposed port land site is a funny habitat in that it has long stretches of inter-tidal mudflats from the site up till the river mouth. Orissa is home to a high renewing of marine and reptilian life. Of the seven species of marine turtles, five species be found in India. Of these, four atomic number 18 reported to occur in the coastal waters of Orissa. They are the Leatherback, the Green, the Hawksbill and the Olive Ridley, of which the Olive Ridley is the roughly common. Orissa is witness to the famous mass nesting or arribada year after year. The earliest report of the arribada at the beaches of Gahirmatha was do in the 1970s. It is the worlds largest nesting ground of sea turtles. From 1975 onwards a 100,000 to 700,000 nesting turtles came to Gahirmatha every year. The nesting beach is a saved rural area that forms part of the Bhitarkani ka Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park. The near shore breeding area was likewise given protected area status by the State Government in 1997 and is known as the Gahirmatha (Marine) Wildlife Sanctuary. The biodiversity of the port site includes sea turtles, snakes, mammals, Avifauna, Amphibian fauna, corals, marine shells, macro fauna, fishes, mangroves. Macro fauna, due to their interactions with sediments, are known to influence the fat potential of the system. Certain macro faunal communities serve as feed items for economically important and edible atomic number 23 fishes and shell fishes. Further, macro and mega faunal species are now being perceived as reservoirs/ generators of bio-active substances that have applications in warm marine pharmaceuticals. The mangroves on Kanika Sands provide protection and stabilisation of the inter-tidal landscape from natural calamities and cyclonic floods. They also provide an optimum habitat for some threatened animals and serves as a nursery ground for umpteen fishes, crabs and other animals thousands of fisherfolk from all categories of fishing communities are dependent on the marine resources of Orissa for their livelihoods.thus its actually a paradise on earth a rich natural wealth. The Dhamra Port family (DPCL) find north of the mouth of river Dhamra in Orissa is a 5050 joint venture of L&T and Tata Steel. It is deepest all-weather port of its kind in India with a draught of 18.5 meters, which can accommodate super-cape coat vessels up to 180,000 DWT. This will be a boon to the mineral hinterland of north Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Chattisgarh which are in close proximity to the port and where a large number of steel plants and mineral base industries are located besides many more which are on the anvil. The Dhamra Port Project signifies the advance together of the largest steel industry in the private sector and the largest engineering and construction major. The port is located less than 5 km. from the Bhitarkanika Sanctuary (a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance) and less than 14 km. from the mass nesting beaches of the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary. The Dhamra port has a long and controversial history. The area was originally notified for inclusion in the Bhitarkanika National Park in October 1988. In June 1997, the Orissa state government officially instructed that the Dhamra area be excluded from the proposed Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary. In December 1997, a fresh draft notification was issued for Bhitarkanika Nati

Middle East Conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East Conflicts - adjudicate ExampleThough history is replete with the countless wars fought amid the followers belonging to divergent faiths, where both the cheeks asserted their claim to be the people of God, yet the Middle East crisis have witnessed over cardinal centuries long clashes along with six decades long bloody struggle between the Jews and Muslims. Consequently, four wars have been fought between the two communities in order to win complete domination and hold in the region. Took place in 1948, 1967, 1973 and 2006, the Arab-Israel conflicts are the worst precedents of wars in the name of religion.Historical Background During 19th century, when the nationalist movements began to emerge in Europe and Jews were being persecuted in Austria, Prussia and Eng cut by the orthodox Christians, the Jews started dreaming of acquiring their separate homeland, where no sensation could gather courage to hurt, humiliate and discard their community. Thus the Zionist movement c ame into being by the send away of nineteenth century. The Jews started to shifting to Palestine and purchased land there en mass. Initially, the Arabs allowed them live side by side with them, but due to the continuous increase in Jewish population, the Arab nationalism emerged, and the young generation started foe against further Jewish immigration in the region.Twentieth century brought the news of independence for countless nations in the aftermath of two Great Wars between the then superpowers of the world, which had weakened the UK, Germany, France, Austria and Japan. Palestine was under the subjugation of the hassock Empire till 1917, which was captured by the Allied Forces in the aftermath of WWI. The big powers allow the Jews to enter their promised land Israel in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, the most sacred area for Jews on the earth. It was really perturbing for the Arabs, who had been in bulk and political domination in the entire region for

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 63

Marketing - study ExampleAICPA is an organization that deals with the harmonization of the accounting industry through with(predicate) the procession of competence, integrity, and professionalism.I will also be interested in linking the activities of trade association with a line of merchandise board that is concerned with promotion of professionalism among US job seekers. My main interest will be life history Builder, which is a job board that links employers with job seekers. The choice for career builder.com is based on the insurance policy of professional development that the job boar promotes. Unlike other job boards, career builder believes in the development of people throughout their career. The boards policies also illustrate value for development of skills through education and on job training. In addition, the issues of standardization remain a major cause of unemployment in the country. To contain the problem, I will need to work with an association that promotes st andardization of employees through quality or standard education. Setting of standards in the work force will enhance professionalism and integrity among our Marketing Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 55Marketing - Essay ExampleIndian cycle banked on its legendary image hitting the road in 1901, Indian was not only the startle American wheel, it was the worlds best-selling bike and, having introduced the first V-twin motorcycle to the world in 1907, the most technologically travel (Indian Motorcycle 1). Its strategies include showcasing vintage and classic motorcycles, complete with motorcycle accessories. Its global sites include stores in northeast America, Mexico, Carribean, Central and South America, Europe, Asia and the Pacific, among others.For Harley-Davidson USA, the appeals that they use include appealing to the emotions through the use of visual images that cater to various customers and using options such as customization, even test riding and renting a bike, with other appeals that come through facts and opportunities to meet and share this interest to other bikers through events and community endeavors.Indian Motorcycle uses relative details, historical timeline of achievements, rider stories, and motorcycle events where participants get to know more about experiences and the journey of other motorcycle riders. Likewise, their various motorcycles are showcased in vivid and colorful details that assist potential customers in decision making to purchase or to attend in the companies diverse motorcycle

Calculation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Calculation - engagement ExampleThe calculations are shown belowThe incremental revenue is the add-ond amount of revenue, which is solely linked to the supererogatory revenue generated from the installation of the New ATM machines. The installation is subject to increase in revenue by $300,000 at the end of the first year of installation. Therefore, the amount of $300,000 is shown in year 1. The revenues have shown a everlasting growth rate of 5% from second year onwards. Therefore, the increased amount of revenues has been incorporated while calculating the cash flows of the project.Therefore, the increase in the Net functional nifty is subject to the cash outflow. In early(a) words, purchase of inventory increases the current assets and also increases the mesh working capital of the organization but the increase in inventory requires cash outflow. On the other hand, the reduction in net working capital implies the increase in the cash inflow. The reason is that the increase in current liability implies increase in short term borrowing. The increase in short term borrowing is subject to reduction in net working capital but increase in cash inflow. Therefore, the reduction in net working capital increases the cash inflows, which is then added to the incremental revenues. The net working capital has shown the increasing row with a constant growth rate of 6%. The incorporation of the growth rate of net working capital increases its value and reduces the incremental revenues by such increased amounts of net working capital.The annual aliment cost is $10,000 at the beginning of the project and shows the increasing trend with constant growth rate of 5% each year. The incremental cost is then subtracted from the incremental revenues each

COMZ Study Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COMZ Study convocation - Essay ExamplePederson has developed a listening skills which his staff needs to develop he acts as the role model of the establishment. The Clan culture focus mainly on the participation and involvement of the members of the organisation. more than than any other, the clan culture mainly focuses primarily on the needs and requirements of the members or the employees and believes that if the performance is satisfactory, gain would follow the organisation (Draft, et.al, 2010, p.411). In a similar manner Pedersen also believes that by delivering good go to the customers and by motivating the employees to do so, profit will follow them. He believes that it is important to image how the employees purport and in turn develop a relationship building skills. Pedersen is committed towards team approach which match to him is essential for the communication industry where creativity is everything. Just as the clan culture suggest of pickings c be of the employees and make sure that the employees are surrounded by everything which are required by them, so does Pedersen for its employees. QUESTION 2 Using the PESTLE framework, identify ONE external factor and explain how it has stirred COMZ concourse. (150) PESTEL Analysis tends to covers the macro environment. The PESTEL covers the Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors of an organisation (Lorat, 2009, p.6). COMZ Group was highly affected by the stinting factors as stated in the case study. COMZ Group which began its operation as promotional video occupation gild but latter shifted to event management mainly for the travel industry, the airlines and travel agencies. After the 9/11 flame, the tourism business was affected highly and also had an adverse affect on the COMZ Group. The company had lost about 60% of its business overnight for which the company COMZ had to reposition itself completely. The 9/11 attack had affected the business badly so th e company was forced to shift into a new dimension. COMZ Group is now a communication agency which offers a range of products and run to both local and volumed MNCs. Identify ONE other external factor and explain how it could affect COMZ Group in the proximo Other than the Economic factor, the company is affected by the rivalry among the industry. Since the communication industry is a free-enterprise(a) industry, the company needs to provide effective and better services to gain a competitive butt over its competitors. The COMZ Group continues to face challenges because the communication is often regarded as a luxury by businesses which cannot be afforded during economic downturn. There may be other communication hards which might offer great services at a less amount affecting the business of COMZ Group. Therefore the competition among the established firm within the same industry is usually high and that to in the communication industry (Hills & Jones, 2009, p.43). QUESTION 3 Identify TWO COMZ Group stakeholders (excluding shareholders) and describe their likely interests in the performance of the company. Two COMZ Group stakeholders are the customers and the employees who act as core members and are interested in the performance of the company. The customers are the key stakeholders that the organisation needs to satisfy. A customer is someone who is involved in the decision making to acquire a product or implement a

Arabs' Generosity and Hospitality in the Arabian Peninsula Essay

Arabs Generosity and Hospitality in the Arabian Peninsula - Essay ExampleAnother major reason of the radical generosity and hospitality of the Arabs is that they ar encouraged by their religion to be that way. The influence on Islam on the culture of the Arabs cannot be overemphasized. This is unmixed from almost all good behaviors displayed by the Arabs. For example, the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula frequently make use of these words in their everyday conversation with one another inshaAllah and mashaAllah, which mean if Allah wills so and as Allah has willed respectively. Islam is the religion of a commodious majority of Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam places immense ferocity on the hospitality of guests and encourages its followers to be super generous to others. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, Nothing shall ensure the welfare (and interests) of your religion except generosity and good magnetic inclination (ezsoftech.com, 2011). This is the reason why Islam has a well-defined system of Zakat i.e. charity. While paying Zakat is obligatory upon every Islamic who has assets or money above a certain limit, Islam also encourages its followers to pay more than exactly Zakat from what they have to the deserving known as Sadqa in Islam. Allah says, Take alms from their wealth in order to cast them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allah for them (9103 cited in Jabir al-Jazairy, 2013). In addition to Zakat and Sadqa, gift-giving is a very popular practice and impost of Islam. Islam encourages its followers to exchange gifts with one another because it promotes love between them and causes the animosity to recede. It is important to note hither that Islam has defined particular standards for gift-giving. Islam encourages its followers to give the same thing to others as gifts that they would choose... It is evident from the study that the Arabs ensure being generous and hospitable a matter of honor and feel obliged to display it toward others as if it is a sacred duty that they have to perform. Arabs think of it more as an obligation and cultural duty to be generous and hospitable to each other as well as outsiders than simply a behavior. That is why they are famous for generosity and hospitality. Three main reasons of their generosity and hospitality are their centuries of surviving and trade in the deserts that made them extremely dependent upon one another, the teachings of Islam that place immense emphasis on the display of generosity and hospitality toward others, and the homogeneity of the culture and demographics of the Arab countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam is the religion of a vast majority of the Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula, and its impact and influence of the culture of the countries in the Arabian Peninsula is immense. The extreme generosity and hospitality of the Arab people makes the foreigners feel like at home in the Arab countries. This has benefited both the Arabs and the foreigners as milli ons of foreigners are employed in the Arab countries and are contributing to the development and prosperity of the Arab countries. Both nationally and internationally, the Arab countries of the Arabian Peninsula have adopted the policies of generosity and hospitality which has helped them foster good relations with other countries of the world.

The Impact of Performance Management Research Paper

The Impact of military operation Management - Research Paper ExamplePerformance precaution also refers to a sequence of stairs through which businesses align their employees, resources and systems with organisational priorities, strategic goals and objectives. Essentially, operation management is the complex science, which guarantees the management of behaviors and results, which are confidential information elements of cognitive process. Organizations initiate performance management through supposed strategic tactics directed at enhancing organizational effectiveness via the enhancement of managers and employees performances. This is through the enhancement of the capabilities of both teams and individuals. This paper will study the issue of performance management, discussing its shun make. The appreciation of the adverse effects of performance management encourages organizations to learn from its experiences, enhance them and sustain employees interests in the reviews. Perf ormance management exposes employees and managers to undue pressure, which ultimately results in poor levels of performance and dwindling organizational successfulness. handed-down points of view consider performance management on account of performance assessment systems having immense, positive effects on business performance. However, there is relatively little evidence to defend this hypothesis. There is a growing appreciation for the adverse consequences of performance management to both organizations and employees (Godener & Soderquist, 2004). One of the most prominent negative effects of performance management is the bureaucracy associated with the compilation of reports for regular assessments. The preparation of such reports takes at least dickens days, which is the normal quantity of time, invested from middle and senior managers for performance management purposes, in a month. The complexity of performance management is also a significant hurdle since it disconnects em ployees from the entire process of performance management. Measures such as composite measures and performance indexes, which managers use in performance management, may not be universally ideal. The negative impacts of performance management also include decreased departmental and organizational performance. The implementation of performance management has an adverse effect on the organizations immediate performance, particularly with regard to employees performance. This situation emerges as a result of lack of proper training of employees and managers, especially in terms of formal exchange management. In addition, performance management results in diminished organizational performance when the review process fails to head the changes in the organizations culture. Performance management demoralizes employees. This is because employees consider performance reviews as management-based tools used to feel back at them, thereby, subjecting the employees to extreme levels of subject ivity. Performance management produces particularly adverse effects when the process fails to prognosticate employees fears and clarify the essence of the process and its benefits to employees. Furthermore, performance management results in low productivity due to misfortunate management commitment to the process and a notable lack of consistency regarding performance management in different organizational departments. In addition, performance management, which is a two-way communication process, could degrade communication. When managers fail to hold dear

Folkloreterm paper on capoeira Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Folkloreterm on capoeira - Term topic ExampleThis style is known straightaway as Capoeira and reflects much of the Brazilian culture. This paper explores the rituals of Capoeira, revisits the history of the soldierly art and the country it originated from, takes a look the cultural aspect of the art, and explains the relevance of Capoeira to the style that is practiced today in the United States. The Ritual One of the interesting gos of this style of training is that the students usually admit to sing and play an instrument as a part of their training and development in Capoeira. Songs atomic number 18 sang in Brazilian Portuguese, which is why students be encourage to learn at least a basic understanding of the language. fit in to Lucia Viti (2003), the songs ar used to set the pace of the fight. Chanting and clapping argon also used to create rhythm and add excitement to the class. Some fights are aggressive and exciting, trance others are low and intertwined. Capoeira co ntains a wide range of musical instruments used to mediate the mood or feel of the class and widen the skills of the practitioner, particularly the advanced students. Some of the instruments allowed and commonly used in Capoeira are the drums, agogos, tambourines, berimbaus, the ago-ago, known in the United States as a cowbell. ... The Break put through of the Classes, Fights, and Events The class is often broken down into two sections. In the first section of the class, the students are working on their technique, warming up, and learning concepts near the game. In the second section, the students get together as a group and form a ring. twain students are chosen to step inside the ring and perform. These students engage in a non-violent fight where they boast their skill to the group. The other members of the group, still forming a ring, chant and sing while the two in the affection fight. The participants can be male or female and sometimes they are pitted against each other. To begin, the opponents tinkers dam down low to the ground to shake hands with each other. The ginga, or the swing, is the most basic give out in and more or less the fighters status. This would be equivalent to the sparring stance in Taekwondo or another sparring sport. This is acceptable, since this is not a contact sport. During the fight, the evaluation examines the fight itself and how it feels sooner than focusing on the fighters. The fighters are considered successful when they follow the feel or rhythm of the music and atmosphere. According to Delmont (2006), Festivals include baptism and graduation ceremonies, when masters from other cities come in to judge, give demonstrations, and teach classes (____) Acrobatics are an important element that sets Capoeira apart from many other martial arts. Capoeira involves cartwheels and inversions often as a part of the intent of the fighters. The acrobatics display physical ability and serve a diversion to the opponent. Many fighte rs experience acrobatics into their fighting styles. Even instructors in their 50s

Esse Quam Videri Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Esse Quam Videri - Essay ExampleThe political aspect of seeming rather than being is perhaps at the heart of the issue facing flock today. There is a distinct connection between listening to candidates spout platitudes and seeming as if they occupy astir(predicate) alleviateing people and those who wear T-shirts with pithy political slogans, but do not help the valet. A walk around any college campus will reveal that political action in nearly cases means attacking the surface quality it is easier to seem as though you be political tough than to be politically involved. Helping people is not political, however it is a necessity for making the world a better place.I arrived at the decision to quit seeming as though I cared about the surface politics of helping people and actually become someone who helped. Too more people in this country feel they have done enough to help the environment by signing petitions calling for cleaner air standards or opposing drilling in the Alaska n wilderness. Those are great things, to be sure, but to do so is merely to seem as if you care about the environment unless you back it up with action. If you want to really be someone who cares about the environment then you need to make changes in your lifestyle.

International Monetary Fund Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International fiscal Fund - Essay ExampleThe International financial Fund (IMF) is an inter-governmental organization which was established to endorse world(prenominal) money cooperation, systematic exchange arrangements and exchange stability. The International monetary Fund (IMF) offers the technical and pecuniary service to its members in different atomic number 18as of economic policybasically in the field of exchange rates, fiscal, monetary and financial sector policies (The World Economy, The International Monetary Fund). Overview of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in July 1944, under the Bretton Woods System which comprised of three international organizations, those were The International Monetary Fund (IMF) It was established with a purpose of developing International Monetary Cooperation. The International Bank of reconstruction and Development This was established with a motive of International Development Assistance and Investment. The International Trade musical arrangement It was established with a motive to develop International Trade. The above three components of The Bretton Woods System were am practised in the context of war, high unemployment, depression, hyper inflation and high fluctuating exchange rates which effected the orbiculate economy in the 1930s (Sykes, Organisational Information). ... Surveillance Consultations Consultations concluded for 120 countries in FY 2010 and for 88 countries in FY 2011 as on 11/02/2011 (The International Monetary Fund, The IMF at a Glance). The IMFs political science body essentially, is the board of regulators. Each state is being represented by their respective take governor (member of the Board of Governor, IMF). The IMFs executive board is its executive body, and is comprised of 24 Executive Directors each of them is either elected or appointed by the members. The executive board of the IMF is responsible for regulating the smoo th flow of business line of the organization. There are two committees, the International Monetary and monetary Committee and the Development Committee which are appointed by the Board of Governors (Sykes, Organisational Information). Merits and DeMerits The IMF has executed many reforms till date, it has been designed to strengthen its net income and improve its capability to perform well and serve its membership efficiently. The IMF has rapidly become an open and gauze-like organization it has also inculcated transparency among its membership. Moreover, it is also working to strengthen its economic governance. These aspects have been undertaken through promoting the use of codes and standards as a medium for better financial management, economic and corporate governance. The IMF is also working to apology the integrity and stability of the International Financial System globally. More specifically, the IMF, the World Bank on with the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP ) perform together to strengthen the combat money laundering sectors along with the financial sectors in member countries. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an

Sam 340 unit 3 replaced Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sam 340 unit 3 replaced - Essay ExampleRisk care has two sides. It has both negative and positive sides. Risk management can therefore be harmful if at all it does not receive the full support of the stakeholders (Masteralexis, Barr and Hums, pp. 110). This is common whenever they have conflicting ideas which they mean to implement. Lack of support and improper implementation automatically leads to lack of achievement with regard to the initial objectives of the risk management programme.However, this paper argues from the point of view that risk management in line with legal and respectable principles is necessary in the sports industry. Risk management helps in the area of intervention and prevention (Masteralexis, Barr and Hums, pp. 96). The emergence of problems leave be controlled in addition to having a comprehensive framework to handle problems that will have bonk up. It is therefore necessary to incorporate a proper risk management strategy. The reason for this persona l creed is because risk management puts the sports manager in a good position to anticipate and prepare for sports risks. This enhances a smooth transition for the benefit of a team with regard to its overall performance/results/output and deliverance of time and

Subject Decision Theory (US MBA course) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subject Decision Theory (US MBA course) - canvas ExampleSteve put in all his efforts into the running of the business and managed to make it very successful, so oftentimes so that by 1980 the total annual sales went up to more than $2 million. However, after that the society underwent a turn. Steves son, Jim, joined Blake Electronics in 1984 as a general sales manager. He had completed mellowed school and had obtained a two year course degree in electronics. Jim was said to be sooner aggressive and this quality in him did not change after he joined his fathers company. In fact, his aggression increased. This led to him making deals with companies which the Blake Electronics was not able to complete. Jim would take contracts to provide the supplies to companies without checking out whether Blake Electronics could manage to fulfil the deal. cod to this Blake Electronics had to face certain embarrassing situations.S manger, there was not much harm done yet. By 1988 Jim had started victorious governance contracts too and two years after that the total sales mounted to greater than $10 million. After that the Company lost the chance of obtaining any more contracts. Jim continued with his behaviour and that led to the government not offering any more contracts to Blake Electronics. This also made the Company lose its reputation and it was termed as an unreliable supplier. Thus, by 1997 there was a great risk of Blake Electronics facing losses.To avoid ... For this he asked the explore team of his company to design novel electronic gadgets for home use. The research team came up with the cover Control Center. This was to be sold for $250. The functioning of the device was such that it had two rows of five departures and each button operated as a switch or a rheostat, depending on what you want. It was powered by two D-sized batteries which lasted till a year or so, depending on how much it is used. According to the research team, this project would cost the m $500,000 and if it moody out to be successful, it could bag up to $2 million of sales. Therefore, it surely did sound attractive. However, the problem was that Steve was shy as to whether this venture would succeed and whether his company would get profits or would lose through this project. In order to solve this problem Steve sent requests for proposals so as to conduct marketing research. Total he sent 30 proposals to business operating in southern California. First of all Marketing Associates, Inc. (MAI) responded. They had offered to boot $100,00 for a survey and according to the information they gave, that company had been operating since three years and were quite a successful business. The second and the last proposal that Steve got was from Iverstine and Kinard. This company had a very goodish reputation passim the company and was termed as the largest marketing firm in the region. They were going to charge Steve $500,000 for the survey. Although the cost was higher than of the previous(prenominal) company, Iverstin and Kinard were more able to predict slightly the sales. This company also did not have as good a record as that of Marketing Associates. However, the fact that they could better be able to make predictions about the Blake

Mafia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mafia - Assignment ExampleThe mafia is involved in various abominable activities. These allow in prostitution rings in various cities and towns around the world. These organizations have brothels and operate night clubs to overwhelm up their criminal activities. Most of the women in the prostitution rings are not willing participants scarce rather victims of human trafficking sold into the energize trade (Artemis 2004). The mafia is also involved in medicine trade supplying large quantities of cocaine, amphetamines and other addictive drugs, besides rating to their customers, they also keep their wake workers hooked on these drugs so they have more control over them. Other mafia activities include loan sharking. They use their stinting resources to give loans to needy people, most likely gamblers who have been caught up in gambling debts in the illegal gambling dens owned by the mafia. From such people, the mafia will wedge large amounts of money to be used in other activiti es. The mafia is also involved in labor racketeering, smuggling of goods and at times bank robberies. All these activities are used to grow the organizations economic resources putting them in a better position to expand the scope of their illegal activities. Where the mafia is involved, thrall is still an issue. The most serious issue is when it comes to the prostitution rings. The mafia will sell young girls and women into sex slavery since most are unwilling to participate knowingly. In rare cases, the mafia will sell people into forced labor.

Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

globalisation - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, the paper will focus on developing an argument, which is supporting globalization and against it, by means of identifying both utilitys and disadvantages. Arguments Supporting Globalization One of the benefits related to globalization is the reduction of the cultural barriers in order to increase the effects of the global village, hence enhancing the development and different nations across the world (Held & McGrew, 2000 Crafts, 2004). Therefore, through breaking the cultural barriers, numerous nations are able to adapt to the global market and behave in a similar way with the rest of the world (Gilpin, 2000). In this case, globalization facilitates enlargement of the global market, since umpteen nations are able to join the market at their ease. Moreover, it also creates consistency in brand image, via a cognitive shape of choosing to market products or commercial operations in the global market (Germaine, 2000). The another(p renominal) virtue of globalization relates to the new means of transport and techniques of communication that facilitates participation of customers in immediate information level of globalization (Held, McGrew, Goldblatt & Perraton, 1999). In fact, this stage of globalization is also contributing to peoples participation in international trade form anywhere in the world, hence leading to a direct influence on the world economy, which is higher than the beginning of the century (Perraton, 2001 Mussa, 2000). Moreover, the level of political and frugal globalization is associated with the process of denationalization of the market, politics and legal system, thus allowing the understanding of core sense of globalization, which relates to economics (Woods, 2000 Baylis & Steve, 1997). The other advantage of globalization relates to improvement in the political view of various countries, due to the creation of opportunities for governments to compare the leadership skills with those of the other nations, or imitate the unique skills (Went, 2000). It also facilitates delocalization of businesses and activities, thus enabling the improvement of the performance. On the other hand, globalization contributes to spread of technology form one nation to the other leading to enhancement in activities of the less developed countries (Hirst & Thompson, 1999). Therefore, globalization enables nations to compare the activities and positive moves in their competitors, in areas related to adverse technological skills with an aim of improving their performance (Lechner & Boli, 2000). Arguments against Globalization Globalization has been associated with negative effects in the development of nations across the world, whereby the economic crisis affecting a country like America affects other countries (Mohammadi, 2000 Clark, 1997 Scott, 1997). This is due to changes in the process in the world since it becomes a large market hence, a disruption on the economic status of one co untry, especially the most influential ones as America affects the other countries that have connections in their economic activities (Rupert, 2000 Jones, 1995). On the other hand, globalization has also contributed to an increased flow of skilled and non-skilled labor for the developed nations such as America, since the corporate in these nations seek out for cheap labor, thus causing a move in the level of unemployment (Scheve & Slaughter, 2001). Globalization also

A Hole in His Parachute Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A Hole in His Parachute - examine Examplenight still has an opportunity to claim his salary for the remaining two year because upon signing the agreement, he obtained a sound of interest as a partner in the Knight-Ridder Corporation. It is this right that leave behind therefore be used to claim for his salary in the next two years. In this case, his right is much protected by a business law which also consists of a number of laws such(prenominal) as commercial law, partnership law and Federal Corporation law (Mallor, 2012).These laws therefore guarantee him of the full(prenominal) chances of getting his money.According to Mallor (2012), an agreement is a legal and bind document that reveals the obligations of two or to a greater extent parties involved in a business. Both Knight and Murdoch made an agreement where each was expected to begin his own obligations. Knight was expected to offer advises to the Knight-ridder Corporation about the newspaper for five years. Murdoch on the former(a) hand, was expected to pay Knight an annual salary of 2.5 million dollars for his services. However, breaching of agreement is the failure to accomplish duties and equipment casualty agreed upon by the two parties. Murdoch failed to fulfill his obligation through with(predicate) dissolution of Knight-Ridder Corporation before a period of five years therefore terminating Knights salary for two years.The legal and binding document established by the two partners gave them legal rights in the Corporation. Murdoch obtained the right of ownership as an employer, and as the largest shareholder of the Corporation while Knight acquired the right of interest as a partner. Since Murdoch failed to perform his traffic as revealed in the legal and binding document, he is viewed as violating Knights right as a partner. Knight can therefore take steps to reclaim the money owed to him by suing Murdoch through a court of law. In the court, a judge would solve the case through the gui dance obtained from a business law which oversees the various types of business transactions such as mergers and acquisitions,

Diversity Ability in the work place Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diversity Ability in the work place - Term Paper ExampleIn developed nations like the United States and UK where renewal is the major facet of democratic setup, the concept of workplace diversity is mandatory. Researchers argon deeply at betting odds regarding the pros and corns of maintaining diversity in workplace. Many are of the opinion that diversity will intensify the organizational issues including involution of interest, increasing HR costs, and communication barriers. On the other hand, others believe that diversity will enhance the probable of labor force. For instance, according to the latter concept, a workgroup that consists of senior, experienced individuals would ease the managerial tension as these individuals are familiar with every activity of business operation. In the same way workers from different cultural solid ground green goddess easily identify the potential customer segments of their region or culture. A company can make use this diversity for acquirin g knowledge on various legal, ethical, cultural aspects of its business destination. getting diverse workforce will help a firm to preserve a pool of diverse skills too. For instance, elders with work experience and practical knowledge are equally important to youngsters with creative ideas and higher aim of adaptability.

Opposition’s Viewpoint Essay Example for Free

Oppositions Viewpoint EssayTo upgrades and advocates who favor visible penalisation, the formula is simple spank a youngster for doing something wrong and he will understand that he will liquidate spanked if he does it again, hence he will non do it anymore. The aim of this write up is to address the guess, the logic, and the social justice of somatic penalization as a form of discipline on children by their parents in support of the stand that parents should under no circumstances administer bodily vindicatement to their children. The theory described at the beginning of this paper has its roots in behavioral psychology (Gendry 85).This theory is based upon recognition of stimulus and the subsequent process that the stimulus calls for (Gendry 86). While the effectiveness of this theory has been greatly supported by innumerable studies in psychology, what remains to be true is that this theory connects the subsequent action to the stimuli and not to the reason behin d the stimuli. Simply put, when a parent physically scolds the child for doing something wrong, the child does not automatically understand why the act was wrong, he just understands that he got hurt from doing it and might get hurt again.This means that the punishment administered does not make the child learn the wrongness of the act. This is the limiting temper that the behavioral theory is encapsulated in. Hence, it becomes the fear of getting spanked that drives children to obey the rules that parents bring upon them, and not an understanding of the value of those rules (Dowshen et. al. 42). This initial argument regarding to the weakness of the theory that supports corporal punishment in terms of teaching the correct value trickles further to the discussion of the logic of corporal punishment.If we follow the logic that corporal punishment dictates, it connotes that the absence of the punishment means that absence of what makes the act wrong. Hence if the child grows up to a situation in which his parents cannot punish him anymore, he would no endless have any need to obey the rules. Since the development of a child to adulthood does tend towards separation and freedom from parental authority at some point in time, this shows that the logic behind corporal punishment naturally leads to a situation where the child no longer needs to follow the rules and is not left with any incentive to follow them.This clearly illustrates the ineffectiveness of potentate models of punishment as supported by Baumrinds conclusion that the minimal or non rehearse of corporal punishment in disciplining the child and instead raising the child in a responsive and accessary parent-child relationship (414) is the best way of instilling genuine discipline. Lastly, in examining the social justice in corporal punishment, we consider the position of the parent as guardian of the child.Being the childs guardian pisss the parent the responsibility to see to the childs best inter ests, it does not under any pretext give the parent the right to subject the child to any harm. While there are those that argue that inflexible love cannot be considered as harm, they fail to understand the psychological dangers that parents who spank their children are unknowingly subjecting them to.For one, query as shown that the harshness of punishment given to children is directly related to the childs inclination to use violent punishment on his own children when he grows up (Herzberger Tennen 317). Clearly, the formula does not work in both theory and logic in developing children to become disciplined citizens. What is worse is that it actually subjects children to risks that they should neer have to face.

Defiance and Resistance Essay Example for Free

Defiance and Resistance leavenIn both works The Crucible and The Bride Price by Arthur moth miller and Buchi Emecheta, superstition and hysteria looseness key roles in destroying the morale of the Puritan and African communities. The setting in which both take nonplus in between pre and post modernization effect the odd behaviour demonstrated. In both texts, behavior different from that which is customary and accepted is interpreted as supernatural witchcraft. The fear of the unknown as hygienic as jealousy fashions agitation, which in turn provokes individuals to turn on mavin another going against value and beliefs. In the play-write The crucible, Miller demonstrates the theme of the story which was rising over adversity, and stand for the truth flush to death. Miller is displaying his interpretation of rise over adversity through John Proctor. John, in the beginning, cherished to keep long-distance from the trials. He did not want to link up or disregard his person al values by existence part of the trials. When Elizabeth was arrested, he was forced to snuff it part of it. He went to court first to set his wife free further after watching the proceedings, he saw that the evil was not only cosmos done to his own wife but more others like his wife.As a result, he worked even harder to free the other innocent people, getting himself arrested. Despite this drawback, he did not give up. He had the detect to free himself if he testified against the others but he realized that this would be wrong, and even though he wanted to free himself, he would not if it meant bringing trouble upon others. He cleansed himself at the trial, standing for what he knew was well(p) and died a righteous person. Though he stayed away from church, he became more pure than the common Puritans, expiry as a martyr like the original apostles.He learned what truth meant through his suffering. In the novel, The Bride Price, Emecheta displays defiance and resistance th rough her protagonist, Aku-nna. In the Ibuza culture, it is not proper to marry or even associate ones self with an oseu. As the story builds to a climax, so does Aku-nnas courage build. Her courage, in turn, builds her defiance. After Aku-nnas menstruation has become public knowledge, she refuses to eat the chicken that has been slaughtered in her honor. At this point in the story, Aku-nna registers what very well competency have been her first defiant thought.She was beginning to feel that it was unjust that she was not to be wholeowed a narrate in her own life, and she was beginning to hate her mother for being so passive ab proscribed it all. As she stands in front of Okoboshi, the young man who has kidnapped her as a potential bride, Aku-nna loudly and forcefully speaks out in an attempt to save herself. It is out of fear of not only being raped but also of being deprived of ever seeing Chike again that she finds her voice and creates a story so vile that Okoboshi leaves he r alone.The vile story that she creates is a lie, but the lie represents the epitome of her defiance. She tells Okoboshi that she is not a new and, furthermore, she lost her virginity to a descendant of a slave. In so doing, Aku-nna risks everything, possibly even her life. Her uncle would surely killing her on sight but if she was forced to live with these people for long, she would soon die, for that was the intention behind all the taboos and customs.Anyone who contravened them was better dead and when you were dead, people would ask Did we not say so? Nobody goes against the laws of the land and survives. Although Aku-nna has do her own choice to run away from her arranged marriage and marry Chike against her parents wishes, she cannot let go of the allegory that plagues her If a girl wishes to live long and see her childrens children, she must accept the husband chosen for her by her people if the bride price was not paid, she would never survive the birth of her first chil d (168).Though Chikes capture offered to pay Aku-nnas bride price, her uncle simply ref utilise to accept it, and therefore cursed her to die. In the end of the story, Aku-nna dies in childbirth, and her legend is used to further reinforce the threat of grim results for women who make their own choices. These stories remind its readers of an ugly blemish on human history. It reminds one that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and cleanse ourselves by making what is wrong right.As in The Bride Price where Aku-nna stands for what she believes in and what she loves and John Proctor standing for what he valued, both were defiant against their setting or community. The sufferings become to the sufferer like a crucible, and one must pay the price be it a bride price or the price of life. Show dawdler only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found i n our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

The Spanish Republic and the civil war 1931-1939 Essay Example for Free

The Spanish commonwealth and the polite war 1931-1939 EssayTragically in 1939, after three years of bitter civil war and with the loss of around 750,000 Spanish lives, Spain fell to the rule of a fascistic dictatorship that was to start for almost four decades. The Spanish tragedy has been told and analysed by countless historians, and of these works Gabriel capital of Mississippis The Spanish Republic and the cultivated contend 1931-1939 is widely referred to as the definitive resistant history of the Spanish Republic. capital of Mississippi begins with an outline of the 19th century monarchical and political upheavals that preceded the birth of the Spanish republic in 1931. From there, we are given a detailed account of events leading to Francos final advantage in 1939 and finally a synopsis which attempts to court some of the criticisms that boast been levelled at Jacksons depiction. whiz and only(a) such criticism is that Jackson leaves a crucial element of the s tory untold, namely that of the struggle of workers and peasants against not just the nationalist forces, but alike against the conditions of capitalism and semi-feudalism.One of Jacksons most ardent critics has been Noam Chomsky, who through his Objectivity and Liberal encyclopedism has provided an excellent theoretical claywork to alter a critical reading of Jackson, primarily in his depiction of events from 1936-1937. In this work Chomsky points to the subordination of liberal intelligencia, universities in particular, to the military- industrial complex, in this case the American State and big business. In other words, writers of plainly objective historical works do compromised by their social, economic and political ties to the prevailing ideology, leading them to figure events with the notion in mind of the inevitability and desirability of bourgeois democracy. Alongside this, according to Zbigniew Brzezinski,the by and large humanist-oriented, now and again ideologic ally-minded intellectual-dissenter, who sees his mapping largely in terms of proffering social critiques, is rapidly being displaced either by experts and specialists, who become involved in special governmental belowtakings, or by the generalists-integrators, who become in effect house-ideologies for those in power, providing overall intellectual integration for disparate actions.1The search for objective truth then is subordinated in these instances to the subjectivity of the author/investigator and in the final instance we are given a partial and misrepresented view of historical events, as is the case with Jacksons work. The motivations and actions of those directly involved are written out of the story, and sort of the logic of liberal scholarship gives precedence to the political leadership of the natural parties of government. As Chomsky points out, Jackson makes it copiously clear that he is, in favour of liberal democracy, as represented by figures such as Azana, Cas ares Quiroga, Martinez Barrio, and other responsible national leaders. and, makes little attempt to disguise his antipathy towards the forces of popular variation in Spain, or their goals. 2Therefore, mass action is generally regarded as of secondary importance to the manoeuvrings of the popular forepart government, even when in practice it was often powerless. Further, when these masses threaten the natural order of capitalist turnout, by acts of collectivisation, expropriation, land seizure and abolition of money, they are described as, nave, counterproductive, ill educated, fundamentally conservative and misled. tho when these masses accompany the lead and policies of the natural elite does Jackson recognise and applaud mass contribution, and Jackson fails to recognise the crucial nature of the subversive/counter vicissitudeary period from the summer of 1936 to 1937 in which,the whirling was largely spontaneous with mass participation of anarchist and socialist industria l and agricultural workers the counterrevolution was under communist direction3To part summarise Chomskys criticisms, two examples of Jacksons subjective analysis of this period are, the role of the commie Party in Spain and collectivisation in Catalonia.Under a Moscow directive, the PCE was founded in Spain with only 800 members in 1930. This phone number grew to around 20,000 in 1934 while the PCE had dropped its social fascist stance regarding other left groupings, to comprehend all parties of the left under the Popular Front umbrella.Stalin had concluded that international fascismposed a threat after allHis answer was the adoption during 1934/35 of a Popular Front policy for resisting fascism.4 This membership grew to over 250,000 during the first eight months of the war, 40% of this number being made up the petit bourgeoisie. The PCE, again under orders from Moscow, embraced bourgeois democracy, their only task to defend the Republic, and revolutionary action by the masses was not on Stalins agenda.In responding to a plea from help from Spains Popular Front government, Stalin was perusing what he perceived to be in the foreign policy interest of the Soviet UnionWhat Soviet aidbegan to reach Spain in October 1936, was emphatically not intended to advance the cause of social revolution in republican Spain.5Jackson however claims,The interrupted movement toward gentleman revolution, as well as the security of the Soviet Union, might well be advanced by a Republican victory in Spain.6Chomsky rightly regards Jacksons view of The Soviet Union as a nation hungry to embrace world revolution as entirely mistaken, and indeed the Soviet Union of the 1930s had come a long way from the days of the storming of the Winter Palace in the November Revolution of 1917.Russia is a totalitarian regimethe frame of mind its leaders is cynical and opportunist. To expect such men to lead a social revolution in Spain, where the wildest idealism is combined with great independe nce of character, was out of the question.7Political purges and show trials in the Soviet Union in 1934-36 had seen potential political opposition to Stalin brutally removed, many being accused, as was Leon Trotsky, of having been in league with Hitler. Russia was then a country with a revolutionary past, not a revolutionary present.8Stalins important aim in 1936 was to ward off any threat from Hitlers Germany, by allying himself with Britain and France. Accordingly, a proletarian revolution in Spain could not be allowed to succeed, bringing as it would a threat of instability to ruling classes the world over, and a shift in the balance of European power. Communist policy as regards Spain then was one of subordinating their PCE national policies to the USSRs supposed international interests.9 In effect this meant the defence of all consistent lower-middle-class situation at the expense the grass root militance that could have helped avert the tragic event to Spains civil war. As one communist student of the time, critical of such policy noted,But a to a greater extent revolutionary course will only frighten the democracies, people said. What nonsense The capitalist democracies were stir enough already by what was happening in Spain. Stalin wont agree, said others. But was that the case? Would Stalin not have had to do what he did anyway and a lot to a greater extent, perhaps if we had pursued a more revolutionary course? Could he afford to be seen betraying a proletarian revolution?10The coterminous bone of contention, is the account Jackson gives of collectivisation. In the initial process of collectivisation, Jackson berates unions in Valencia and Barcelona for abusing their sudden authority to place the sign incautado on all manner of buildings and vehicles.11 However, as Chomsky notes, this wording belies Jacksons ignorance towards the reality of the revolutionary situation. composition Jackson recognises the occurrence of ..the most profound so cial revolution since the fifteenth century..12, it seems that he is not tend to recognise the actions that are an integral part of such a profound social revolution.Later, Jackson claims that in 1936, the revolutionary tide began to ebb in Cataloniaaccumulating food and supply problems, and the experience of administering villages, frontier posts, and public utilities, had rapidly shown the anarchists the unexpected complexity of modern society.13 Chomsky on the other hand points to the attack led by the Communist Party to destroy the gains made by workers and peasants without the blessing of any legitimate government force. First make headway the war then make the revolution, was the slogan that epitomised the drive to subordinate the revolutionary aspirations of the masses to the will of the legitimate powers.Collectivisation brought order to the chaotic situation All the parties and organisations solemnly agreed to respect the letter and the emotional state of the new law bu t within three months the Republican parties were systematically obstructing it and soon afterwards the communists were sabotaging it..14 and multinational capitalism was determined to do everything in its power to force the failure of the collectivised Catalan economy.15Chomsky too challenges Jacksons stead towards and analysis of war production and distribution in collectivised areas. For example,In Catalonia, the CNT factory committees dragged their heels on war production, claiming that the government deprived them of earthy materials and was favouring the bourgeoisie,16Firstly this is in stark contrast to Jacksons charitable attitude towards production methods in fascist controlled areas, and his fairly uncritical depiction of later communist methods which involved comfortably restoring a free market in essential without any apparent benefits to the war effort. Secondly, as Chomsky notes, Jackson does not substantiate his statement with fact. These two criticisms perhaps poi nt to another instance where Jackson perceptibly favours traditional capitalist production against that of the collective. In any case, evidence points to the fact that while conditions were favourable, with access to raw materials for example, collective production rivalled that elsewhere in Spain.The war industry in Catalonia had produced ten times more than the rest of Spanish industry put together and .this output could have been quadrupled as from beginning of kinfolk if Catalonia had had access to the necessary raw materials that were unobtainable in Spanish territory.17 Further, it is evident that the central government denied more needed financial assistance because of its lack of sympathy with, rather hostility towards collectivisation. Only in change for government control would they give financial assistance.18Whatever accusations may be levelled at the running of the collectives, at least two points must be remembered. Firstly, in many instances, collectivisation cam e as the result of a huge surge from below,The revolution was like a dog shaking itself when it comes out of the water the Spanish people shaking itself free of 400 years injustice. There was nothing we militants could do but go ahead or shoot ourselves.19Secondly, against overwhelming odds, the Catalan working class kept collectivised production going for thirty months of war.20In conclusion, this paper has only managed to briefly capture Chomskys detailed criticism of Jackson, and to follow on from Chomsky is no easy task given his coherent, thoroughly researched critique. Chomsky highlights Jacksons apparent lack of understanding of the on-key nature of revolutionary struggle, which leads him to mistakenly identify the 1930s Soviet Union as a revolutionary force and to disparage the actions of mass movements lacking conventional political leadership.The first mistaken belief is, as Chomsky points out, entirely in keeping with the American Cold War mythology that has invented an international Communist conspiracy enjoin from Moscow to justify its own interventionist policies.21 The two beliefs together lead him to significantly underplay the destructive role played by Communist policy in Spain, which, while not wholly to blame for the Fascist victory, significantly dented the workers will to fight. Many theorists have argued that only a successful revolution could have ultimately beaten the fascists, and that an early arming of workers could have averted three years of carnage. However, We werent being armed because the Republican authorities were more frightened of the working class than off the military. (Francisco Cabrera, Communist Youth, Seville)Communist insistence on an exclusively Popular Front, petty bourgeois programme was disastrous, which ultimately undermined the fight against Fascism. The loss of the civil War in Spain to the fascists was more than just a military defeat, as in the words of Ronald Fraser,For the objective was not only to ca stigate the defeated but to crush for all time working class militancy and the threat of socialist revolution, so that Spanish capitalism could prosper.Quotes1 Chomsky, N, Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship, p302 Chomsky, p753 Chomsky, p814 Blinkhorn, Democracy and cultivated War in Spain, p365 Blinkhorn, p366 Jackson, The Spanish Republic and the Civil War 1931-1939, p2597 Chomsky, p848 Chomsky, p859 Fraser, Blood of Spain, p32810 Fraser, p32911 Jackson, p27912 Jackson, p27713 Jackson, p31414 Fraser, p21515 Fraser, p21616 Jackson, p36517 Chomsky, p8918 Chomsky, p9019 Fraser, p22920 Fraser, p23421 Chomsky, p86BibliographyJackson, G, 1965, The Spanish Republic and the Civil War 1931-1939, Princeton University PressFraser, R, 1979, Blood of Spain, PenguinBlinkhorn, M, Democracy and Civil War in SpainChomsky, N, Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship

Statutory responsibilities and rights of employees Essay Example for Free

Statutory responsibilities and rights of employees EssayList the aspects of employment backboneed law.The law in UK covers the quest aspectsMinimum Wage.wellness and Safety.Union Rights.Redundancy and dismissal.Disciplinary surgical processs.Labour laws that relate to the points listed above cover the responsibilities between employee and employer. Health and Safety laws relate to functional conditions, minimum wage relates to basic salary and in that location atomic number 18 other laws that set basic compensation levels. There are several further laws that protect both the employee and the employer such as the Disability Act, The Medicine Act, General Social Care Council Code 2001, RIDDOR 1995 and more. get wind more Describe how own role links to the wider sector essayList the main features of contemporary employment legislationThe main features of employment legislation areEmployment rightsEquality and DiscriminationHealth and Safety.Outline why legislation relating to employment existsLegislation relating to employment exists in order to prevent the growing of employees by employers. Legislation protects employees rights and covers areas such as Salary, equal stomach.SafetyMaternity/Paternity entitlementSick pay, pass pay, RedundancyWorking hoursDiscrimination i.e disability, gender, age.Employers are required to adhere to this legislation and can receivepenalties if they do not.Identify sources and types of development and advice available in relation to employment responsibilities and rights In order to obtain information and advice in relation to employment responsibilities and rights an employee should be given the following Contract This should cover all the wrong and conditions.Job descriptionPolicy documentsEmployee handbookFurther information can be obtained from organisations such as, citizens talk over and trade unions.Understand agreed shipway of operative that protect own relationship with employerDescribe the ground and conditions of own contract of employmentThe terms and conditions of the contract of employment between myself and SEAC coversJob Title attribute of workWageExpensesHours of workHolidaysSicknessTermination of employmentDisciplinary procedureGrievance procedureDisclosure of informationData protectionProtection of intellectual property rightsHealth and SafetyThese terms and conditions are provides to protect both myself as an employee and SEAC as an employer and are covered by the UK Legislation on employment rights and responsibilities.Describe the information shown on own pay statementThe information shown on my pay statement isName and address.Employee momentTax codeTax falseiceNational insurance numberHours workedGross and net pay to dateDeductionsDate.Describe the procedures to follow in event of a grudgeIn the event of a grievance the procedure that is required to be followed as outlined in my contract of employment is as follows inscribe informally with ASC in order to discu ss the colligate and fetch to a satisfactory conclusion. If this is not possible the next step is. Consult Apprentice HandbookRaise the matter in writing. If the concern is not resolved indoors 10 working days. Bring the concern to the attention of the next level of management.Identify the personal information that must be kept up to date with own employerPersonal information that must be kept up to date with the employer is palmBank detailsContact detailsEmergency contact detailsExplain agreed ways of working with employerAgreed ways of working with my employer are outlined in my Guide for Apprentices handbook. This information provides me with the obligations that are expected from myself as an apprentice and also what I can expect from my employer.A summary of my obligations areArrive at place of employment /training on measureBe proactive, enthusiastic, interested, commitment to working responsibilities Complete all work/training tasks on time, commitment to training Follow my host phoner policies and procedures, adhere to safe working , practices, respect property Be professional , dress suitablyA summary of SEACs and the Host Companys obligations are To provide a safe working environmentSupply me with all relevant policies and proceduresSupport my training with learning opportunities and approved time off for training Provide me with a supervisor/personal mentorPay my salary on timeEnsure that the training programme plump fors my individual needs, develop my knowledgeUnderstand how own role fits within the wider context of the sectorExplain how own role fits within the delivery of the inspection and repair providerThe table service provider is the NHS and my role as Occupational healer Assistant Apprentice fits within the replacement and enablement of patients following stays within the hospital to return to independence.Explain the effect of own role on service provisionMy role as Occupational Therapist Assistant Apprentice is to provide suppo rt to the harbor Occupational Therapist and other therapeutic staff by supporting patients through assessment and rehabilitation to return to independent lives to the best of their ability. This is achieved by providing a comprehensive assessment of the patients abilities with habitual activities and cognitive assessment to establish mental capacity. Resources and support are then assigned to the patient match to their individual needs.Describe how own role links to the wider sectorMy role as Occupational Therapist Assistant Apprentice links into the wider sector which is the local community. This includes Community Rehabilitation Teams, Community Hospital, Social Services, residential /Care Homes, Mental Health Teams and Care Agencies. Following assessment of the patient to establish what further support is required my role is to liaise with these services to ensure a smooth transition and positive conclusion for the patient. Describe the main roles and responsibilities of repr esentative bodies that influence the wider sector.Read moreStatutory Responsibilities and Rights of Employees and Employers

Abortion Case Study Paper Essay Example for Free

Abortion Case Study Paper EssayThe side that I chose to discuss is whether it is ethically by rights or wrong for p bents to decide whether or not they worry to keep an unborn child. This essay will address several questions that own been raised as to whether or not an abortion is clean-living or immoral, and if it were immoral, in what circumstances it would be justified. These are all applicable facts that both physicians and parents have to take into account when they are making their decision. If one would look at this slip-up by the look at ethics point of view their main focus would be on the sell of the patient. It is meaning(a) to look at that person and understand their emotional and physical decisions. Care ethics differs from deontology and utilitarianism because care ethics makes the decision based on consideration for the individual instead of making a moral decision impartially.See more Homeless satire essayIf everyone looked at abortion in a care ethic standpoint they would look at the situation by identifying the people involved, the relationships and what the future whitethorn be produce. The most important object of the care ethic is that the person judging the other essential put the act that he or she must be willing to put another person before him or himself. Whichever result is chosen, it is important to respect one anothers decisions. In the chapters of our textual matter we have been given several different scenarios of abortion. Out of those a few dealt with the care ethic and the choices faced. An phrase that fully supports my ideas and opinions is Thomsons A Defense of Abortion. Thomson was very realistic and down to Earth in A Defense of Abortion.She speaks of real life situations when the decision of the mother is taken into consideration thus providing us an example of the care ethic. I like that Thomson spoke about a territory that not galore(postnominal) writers want to speak about. Speaking about the right o f life and a mothers feelings and futures is important to me. The article by Margaret Olivia Little entitled The Morality of Abortion is by far the one that I agree with the most Philosopher Little believes that the moral status of the fetus is only one aspect of the righteousness of abortion. She speaks of the relationship in motherhood and the process of creation. The line that I loved the most was The pregnant woman has not made the fetus more vulnerable than it would otherwise have been absent her procreative actions, it wouldnt have existed at all.This line alone really explains to me what she is trying to say to people. I am joyful that she wrote such a powerful article. While examining the care ethic, it is important to note that if complications are present, a entire new set of ethical issues are opened up. Yet, abortion has been a controversial subject among everybody whether they are involved directly or indirectly, whether they are for it or against it. It is nearly i mpossible to find someone who doesnt have an opinion about abortion. Both those who favor or oppose abortion make superior arguments to abide their beliefs and views. Personally, I think every last person is entitled to his or her own opinions, beliefs, thoughts, and rights. And yes, women have rights too, and denying women the right to choose abortion in the early stages of fetal development is denying her rights as a US citizen.

The Bane of Living in the Cities Essay Example for Free

The Bane of Living in the Cities EssayWhen we discuss most living in heavy(a) cities or small towns, different people have different stagecoach of view. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. From my personal opinion, super cities have more advantages as comp ard to small towns, which I quiet disagree with the topic. T here(predicate) are three points I would like to highlight here on why I said living in big cities brings more benefits. Firstly, big cities have distant emend eccentric education from lower to higher education. What I am trying to emphasize here is big cities can provide us with modern and adequate academic environment which I take it is very important as education is the key for success in the future career. Therefore, students in big cities can get several benefits from the modern education offered such as multimedia teaching, electronic program library and also internet.see moreadvantage and disadvantage of living in the cityBy contrast, t hose who are living in small towns cannot take the opportunity as much as in big cities because at that place are not enough modern facilities provided in small towns. Secondly, we can see that more and more people especially the young people migrate to big cities because they see some(prenominal) opportunities in employment. As we all know, most of the local and international companies are situated in big cities so there are many places that they can behave as opposed to small towns. Consequently, they have bigger chances in achieving their dreamed career and also pursue in what they like. In addition to this, most of the jobs offered in big cities have bigger salaries so that is why it is one of the attractions for the young people to live in big cities. Last but not least, people live in big cities can taste several entertainments and closer to better services like hospitals.To illustrate, in big cities there are many shopping centers, entertainment parks and also many of the international events are held here. We can enjoy our quality time with our family in the entertainment parks but not for those who live in small towns because there is no such thing there. Furthermore, hospitals are nearer to you in big cities and the services offered are better compared to hospitals in small towns as they are fully equipped with modern equipments and also most of the specialists work there, It is true that despite these benefits of living in big cities, there are certain disadvantages to it. However, when compared both, I take to the woods to see the advantages outweigh the disadvantages so that is why I am more on living in big cities. In a nutshell, no matter where we live it depends on an individual to make the closing to continue living your life.

Hispanic Americans in the United States Essay Example for Free

Latino Americans in the joined States EssayAbstract over the past several decades, the get together States has become a much more(prenominal) diverse country. Immigration from closely if not completely countries throughout the world be the moderateness for this. A large portion of the immigrants that take form up our country be Hispanics. Hispanics arent just made up of one group of people, simply rather several groups from different countries of the world including Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Central America, and South America.They differ in umteen ways from one another including only when not limited to their method of entry into the United States, the glossary of their skin, traditions, culture, political background, medicational trends, and lifestyle. In more ways, Hispanics are disadvantaged from non-Hispanic whites. This has been the way since they first came to the United States. If it wasnt for the color of their skin and for some of them, their dialect or language, they may not be subject to the evil and discrimination they encounter on a daily basis. Hispanic AMERICANS IN THE unite STATES 3 Hispanic Americans in the United States A large portion of the population in the United States is made up of immigrants. umpteen of those immigrants are of Hispanic origin. Hispanic Americans make up several groups of people. Each of the different groups perplex a set of their own traditions and their cultures vary slightly and sometimes very significantly. Americans extend to group all Hispanics into one group and forget that not all of them came from one country, but rather several countries. unveiling the United States Mexican Americans end-to-end most of our history, Mexicans throw off entered the United States voluntarily. The American Southwest was previously federal agency of Mexico until they lost it to the United States after the Mexican struggle (Marger, 2012).The Mexicans that inhabited those areas were then incorporated into the United States (Marger, 2012). Puerto Rican Americans Puerto Ricans didnt come to the United States by force, nor voluntarily. The United States gained Puerto Rico as part of its territory after the Spanish-American War and those on the island were automatically given American citizenship (Marger, 2012). Puerto Ricans were then able to come and go freely as they chose, just as American citizens are able to go from state to state. Cuban Americans Cubans have belatedly come to the United States voluntarily similar to the Puerto Ricans and Mexicans.Their motive for migrating to the United States though was for political reasons rather than economical reasons handle the Mexicans and Puerto Ricans (Marger, 2012). When the HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE coupled STATES 4 Cubans came to the United States, they tended to be more educated and more prepared to begin an occupation than most other foreign immigrants (Marger, 2012). Central Americans Many of the Central American immigrants have come to the United States as political refugees (Marger, 2012). Most have come voluntarily like some(prenominal) of the Hispanic migrants have.Another large reason for Central Americans migrating to the United States was for economic opportunities (Marger, 2012). Hispanics and Music about Latin Music Latin harmony first developed in different Latin American countries, mainly Cuba and it is originally derived from African religious ceremonies (Revels-Bay). Latin music is a unique kind of music and it has a unique rhythmic structure when compared to American music (Revels-Bay). American music can be considered by most people to be Rock and Roll. Latin music is typically viewed as move music. It has a lot of rhythm which is highly syncopated (Revels-Bay).Latin music, like American music take ons many instruments. American music tends to be more on the beat than Latin music. Latin music likewise uses more percussion instruments than American music and it i ncludes several different string instruments. Some of the string instruments include timbales, congas, congo, guitar and the Cuban guitar (Revels-Bay). Over the years, the bass, trumpets, trombones and woodwinds were added to play melodies and repetitions of sound and the piano replaced the guitar (Revels-Bay).Latin Music Gaining Popularity The motivations underlying the boom of Latino music have brought possibilities for economic gain and increase the visibility of Latin Americans within the United States (Cepeda). HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 5 Two Latin Americans who have brought Latin music to America are Emilio and Gloria Estefan.They have hits in the United States and also have Crescent Moon Studios. Crescent Moon Studios are a Mimi-based Sony affiliate that grosses 200 million dollars yearly (Cepeda). Their Crescent Moon Studios are also a reason for the popular building of the Latino music in the media industry in the United States. Gloria and Emilio Estefan are cardinal very successful Hispanic Americans.There are several famous musical artists but because of their race, it is harder for them to be accepted into the musical industry. The number of Hispanic Americans who have been successful making music is relatively small when compared to the number of non-Hispanic musical artists. There have been several popular Latin musical artists who have brought new meaning to Latin music in the United States. Some examples are Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez and Shakira. They keep a lot of the Latin culture in the Latin-American music, but they Americanize it in a soul and the language used is English.This has helped to integrate one part of the Hispanic cultures into todays American society. Hispanic American Families Family Structure Traditionally in the Hispanic culture, the father or the oldest male in the family holds the great amount of authority over the family and women typically show submission (Centers for sickness Control and Prevention ). The responsibilities tend to be shared among the members of the family. When compared to the non-Hispanic whites, many of the households are similar. Although, throughout the years, the father or oldest male is no longer eer the authority holder in the home.Instead, the mother and father hold equal amounts of authority. HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 6 The household coat of Hispanic American families is larger than other American families. The average size of a Hispanic household is 3. 47 people and for the rest of the population, the average is 2. 62 people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Family Values Family is an important part in most Hispanic Americans acknowledges. Family is a large reason for immigration for many of them. They may have family ties here who they wish to move circumferent to or they may be moving here to provide a better life for their family.The widen family of Hispanic Americans plays a major role in each family members life (Mo itinho). They tend to have strong bonds and a lot of interaction among much of the family and extended family. In many households, set ups, grandparents and children live in the same home or live nearby (Moitinho). Among most Hispanic families, faith and church building are a lot times central to their family and community life. Most Hispanic homes have a religious object and most attend a religious service once a calendar month or more (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Single Parent versus Two Parent Families.In the United States, 70% of Hispanic children live in two parent homes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Single parent families among Mexican Americans have grown from 14% in 1980 to 22% in 2001 (Zeiders, Roosa, Yuntein, 2011). Children who live in a single parent home tend to be at greater risk than children in two parent homes for academic and conduct problems, substance abuse and depression (Zeiders, Roosa Yuntein, 2011). This may be due to the fact that there is a lack of financial resources for some of the single parent families versus the two parent families who may have a double income.Although there are some studies HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 7 that show Latino children in single parent homes are more believably to have disallow outcomes, there are also some studies that show they are not (Zeiders, Roosa Yuntein, 2011). Marriage Patterns In the United States, Mexican American females are most likely to be espouse and non-hispanic blacks are the least likely (Landale, Oropesa, Bradatan, 2006). Among some of the Hispanic races in the United States, 4% of Cuban females and 38% of Puerto Rican females aged 20-24 are married (Landale, Oropesa, Bradatan, 2006).Fitting In Over recent decades, Hispanic Americans have adapted to more of the Americanized way of living. Many of them dress alike, eat American food, go to college, etc. They have adoptd somewhat, but are far from macrocosm fully assimilated. Th ey may never actually be fully assimilated into American society. One main reason is their race. It has typically been shown throughout history that races made up of white people are able to assimilate much easier than those with different skin colors.Conclusion Hispanics have come from several different countries and even suppose dissimilar from each other but are still each identified as Hispanics. Throughout the years, Hispanics have adapted to the American way of living and continue to do so. The only thing separating many Hispanics from non-ethnic whites is the color of their skin. As a whole, Hispanics have assimilated in many ways but they will belike never be fully assimilated. Instead, they may be working towards full acculturation.HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 8 References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 14, 2013, from http//www. cdc. gov/ /Audience/AudienceInsight_CulturalInsights.pdf Cepeda, M. E. Mucholoco for ricky m artin or the politics of chronology, crossover, and language within the latino music boom. Popular music and society, 55-67. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from Ebscohost. Landale, N. S. , Oropesa, R. S. , Bradatan, C. (2006). Hispanic families in the United States Family structure and process in an era of family change. In Hispanics and the future of America. Retrieved November 14, 2013 from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK19902/ Marger, M. N. (2012). Race and ethnic relations American and global perspectives (9th ed. ).Belmont, CA Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Moitinho, E. (n. d. ). Hispanic culture 101. In American association of christian counselors. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from http//www. aacc. net/2012/09/21/hispanic-culture-101-increase-your-hispaniclatinocultura l-iq/ Revels-Bey, N. (n. d. ). History of Latin music. In Revels-Bay Music. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from http//www. revels-bey. com/history_of_latin_music. htm Zeiders, K. H. , Roosa, M. W. , Yuntein, J. (2011). Family structure and family processes in mexican-american families. Family process, 70-91. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from Ebscohost.

Lies, Lies, Lies Essay Example for Free

Lies, Lies, Lies EssayThe white lie is an age old ornament that has different reasons for being told. When it is all said and done a white lie is still a lie. A lie told with perfectly good intentions. A lie told to spargon someones feelings. A lie ab proscribed something trivial, which will amaze few consequences if youre caught. A minor, polite, or harmless lie, a white lie is considered harmless as opposed to a black lie which is evil. Anything that is not consummate is a lie. There are a million reasons to tell a social white lie. cosmos nice leads to lying to prevent hurting someones feelings and it is commonly used by all. The treat in a stroller and the mother looks up, it is natural to say What a cute baby It could be the ugliest baby yet the need to make a charitable response leads to a lie. Or custody say I love you too a white lie commonly told by men. The old-timer has on a hook that looks horrible, What a beautiful dress would someone tell the boss her dress is ugly. These are just examples of how we get caught up and we feel the need to say something positive instead of relative the truth.Lying begins early, if you observe children most tell apart how to fib at the age of 4. By 6 they demote fibbing and begin lying. Watching and observing their parents, they gain insight in imitating their parents in the art of deception, they are told how to lie to relatives about gifts they may not like, and thus starts the white lies.The proverbial lie is used in our society to make small talk, to have someone show favor, when we greet someone, and we often lie to ourselves, I am going to get up each day and walk. Ive said it, and I know I want to but I dont. Salesman says anything you want to hear to sell a product. The doorkeeper says Have a good day, no tip, doesnt care if you even live some other day about every white lie is because of what a person wants to achieve with that white lie. It is almost second nature to living how we deceive, the Landlord I mailed that check yesterday. I lost my debt card pilet make the payment today will call as soon as I get my replacement *I cant come in today I have diarrhea youre going to the movie matinee.Researchers have been studying deception for decades, trying to figure out why we tell lies. It seems that our capacity for deceit appears nearly endless. That doesnt mean we just tell a lie to hear it there is a purpose for the madness. Still lying is generally regarded as fast and distasteful, No one likes being lied to, says former FBI agent and lying expert Joe Navarro. We use lies to cover the wheels of social discourse. Says University of Massachusetts psychologist Robert Feldman.

Freudian Analysis of Melancholia Essay Example for Free

Freudian outline of Melancholia EssayThe film Melancholia by Lars von Trier gradually develops into the characters depression through their actions and choices that can relate instanter to Lars von Triers own depression and unfortunate childishness circumstances. The main protagonist of the movie, Justine, is down(p) and this affects every unrivalled around her. Lars von Trier, the writer and director, is depressed was depressed when creating this film and this depression is reflected in Melancholia.Freudian theories relate to Melancholia through Justines life as healthful as her love life. She is constantly unsatisfied and immediately has an extramarital sexual encounter when she is vulnerable. Freudian theories argon demonstrated through the depression from the characters in the movie to the writer. Some of Freudian theories that leave be discussed atomic number 18 brassing at how some of the character experiences are equal to Lars von Triers past and the Oedipus comp lex. Lars von Triers past greatly influenced how and what he wrote for Melancholia.Freud said that the notion that human beings are cause, even driven, by trusts, fears, needs, and conflicts of which they are unaware (Tyson, 14-15) indicates Lars von Trier is motivated by his past experiences. The viewer learns quickly that Justine has an unhappiness that constantly affects her daily routine, and she pretends to be someone else when shes around others. Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration.These problems can pop off chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in ones ability to take manage of their usual responsibilities. Justine shows signs of depression throughout the film for example, when refusing to take a bath or go riding which she unremarkably she enjoys doing. People with depression tend to be exhausted on a regular basis similar to when Justine left her own wedding party to have a nap. Lars von Trier may have experience the same symptoms of depression in his personal experiences, as well his childhood might have influenced why he became epressed in his later life which could have possibly enhanced his work for Melancholia. Although Lars was diagnosed with depression in 2007, he had a difficult childhood. He did not know who his biological father was until his mother told him on her death bed. Freud believed that our unconscious was influenced by childhood events. Lars von Trier stated during an interview that I come from a family of communist nudists. I was allowed to do or not to do what I like. My parents were not interested in whether I went to school or get drunk on white wine.After a childhood like that, you search for restrictions in your own life. Lars childhood relates greatly to the character of Justine. Justines parents did not seem to care for her. During Justines wedding, her parents self-absorption is reflected in their speeches about their marriage problems. As well, her parents did not care or take time for her when Justine specifically asked a few times to talk privately to her father and he could not find the time. In the bedroom, Justine was upset and asked her mother for help but her mother was no help at all.Her mom did not seem to care and her father left the wedding leaving only a note axiom that he was leaving with another woman and to forgive an old fool. Lars and Justines parents have similar responses to their children of not caring. Claire was distraught and acted out of character, she could no longer organize her thoughts and be as calm around Justine as she was before, likewise to Lars thoughts he quoted Everything is loss to Hell, but we should smile all the way. (Lars personal quotes on IMDB) Once Justine agnise Melancholia was going to hit the earth she became collected and composed.At the end of the movie Justine, Claire and Leo site together, fold their eyes and hold hands as Justine had instructed. This is one of the only scenes where Justine actually genuinely smiles. She appears to be at peace and content even though she knows that the end of the world is approaching. This scene relates to Lars quote. Even though Justine knows everything is going to Hell, she is smiling even at the end. Lars mentions the restrictions he puts on his life like Justine not allowing herself to have a happy marriage and accept her husbands love and happiness.Justine becomes very depressed during her wedding and cheats on her newly attached husband. She will not have a real relationship with her husband but moments later will have a quick sexual encounter with a complete stranger. This relates to Freuds beliefs in the Oedipus complex, a girls desire for her father and anger and jealousy towards her mother. Justines father flirts openly with other women in front of his wife and children at the wedding . Justine has a sexual encounter with a stranger trying to mimic a relationship alike to her fathers.This may have influenced Justines decision to behave dishonestly with her husband even though her husband love her very much. Justines mother makes a speech during the wedding dinner and expresses her animosity against marriage, while Justine and her sister Claire look at their mother with anger and embarrassment. Justine and Claire disrespect their mother by getting married, knowing to expect her judge comments, yet criticize her for it. The result is a murderous rage against the Mother and a desire to hold the Father (1016)Melancholia is about the world ending and in Justines small world she is depressed, Citing Freudians Oedipus Complex one can parallel Lars state of depression which is shown throughout the movie. The characters actions mirror Lars von Triers beliefs and experiences through his life and through his depression, which is a huge factor in Melancholia. As well the r elationships Justine has reflects the Oedipus Complex through her behaviour and decisions. Therefore Freudian theories relate directly to Melancholia.

Persecution in the Church Essay Example for Free

Persecution in the Church EssayIn the book of Matthew 28 16-20 the Nazarene Christ give us what is kn witness as the Great billing in this passage of scripture Jesus says I have been given tout ensemble authority in heaven and on earth Go to the people of all in all nations and make them my disciples. Baptize them in the detect of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and teach them to do everything I have told you. I will be with you always, even until the obliterate of the land. 1 In the centuries following the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ the church service service did just that. However non without resistance from local g everywherenments, Christianity was considered a rouge movement that defied the goernmental establishments of the snip.While Christians were simply seeking to exsert their life in worship to the living God, the government curiously in the papist Empire byword them as outliers and a threat to the roman way of life. While ot her religions were generally accepted by the roman government, Christianity was different. Romans were religious people, they had their pantheon of gods, but they did not see Christianity as a religion, they saw it as superstitio or a superstition. In fact Pliny a Roman governor circa 110 AD called Christianity superstition taken to extravagant lengths. 2 Roman distrust for this new religion continued to swell with each century. almost emperors were tolerant and some were intolerant to the head of killing Christian non-conformist.Despite growing and widespread persecutions, imprisonments, and Martyrdoms2. Robert L. Wilkin, The piety of the Persecutors. Christian accounting, Issue 27 (Vol. XI, No. 3), p. 18Church of Jesus Christ grew. Through the bravery, tenacity, and effrontery of early Christian men and women we to sidereal day have a surviving legacy of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. When it would have been easier to succumb to the Roman government and its edicts and religious institutions, God gave his people the willingness and power to stand up for what they knew was the truth. The Roman Government thought they could intimidate Christians to silence but they were wrong.Persecution of the church started almost at the inauguration and continued sporadically through the next three hundred and fifty years. During this geological period Christians endures minor persecutions to the much extreme measures of persecution. At prison terms the persecutions were local and at times they were empire wide. There was generally what is considered tem prominent periods of persecution. score of PersecutionsThe Persecution under emperor Nero in Circa 64-68ADThe Persecution under Emperor Nero was the beginning of what is considered the ten periods of persecution. it was under Neros rule that the Apostle Paul was martyred. At his second trial before Nero he knew that he would not be acquitted of the offences against him, the Roman government saw him as a threat and w anted him dead. His exact means of finis is unknown however it is generally accepted that he was beheaded.3 Nero is also responsible for the _________________________3. Albert Barnes, Scenes and Incidents in the keep of the Apostle Paul Viewed as Illustrating the Nature and Influence of the Christian Religion (Ulan Press, 2012), 1. Martyrdom of the apostle Peter. Peter was by all accounts crucified, but he was said that he felt himself to be un deservingy to be put to finis in the same manner as his Master, and was therefore, at hisown request, crucified with his head downward.4 this was but the Beginning of the persecutions, some(prenominal) much followedPersecution under Domitian (r. 81-96).The Emperor Domitian was a cruel man, not only to Christians he murdered his own brother, and killed high ranking governmental officials so that he could confiscate their land and estates. He successfully embossed the second persecution of Christians by demanding that each ace who came from the lineage of David be killed. Fabricated stories were make up about Christian during this time in order to scare the roman public. For example people were told that just about either internal disaster was the fault of the Christians. Christians were brought before the magistrates and logical to take a test fella, if the person failed to take the oath they were sentenced to death, if they claimed faith in Jesus the same sentence was pronounced. The Roman government passed a law, That no Christian, formerly brought before the tribunal, should be exempted from punishment without renouncing his religion.5 The notable martyrs during this persecution were St. John, who was boiled in oil, and afterward banished to Patmos. Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, who was crucified and Flavia, the daughter of a Roman senator, was also banished to Pontus6 _________________________4. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the untime ly Christian and Protestant Martyrs ( reverend Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11. 5. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11. 6. ibidPersecution under Trajan (112-117)During the third Persecution, the persecution of Trajan from 122-117 AD Christianity was officially outlawed, however the government of capital of Italy did not seek out Christians to imprison or kill them at this time. If a Christian was gaol for some reason during this persecution they would havehowever been killed in particularly gruesome ways. For example many Christians were crucified on Mt. Ararat, the officials would usage crowns of thorns as well as pierce the sides of Christians in mockery mimicking what was d champion to Jesus himself. Ignatius was belike the most noted martyr during this period. Appointed the Bishop of Antioch after Peter, because he confessed Christ he was handed over to the ludicrous beast as tradition holds. He wrote to the church in capital of Italy saying immediately I begin to be a disciple.I care for nothing, of visible or invisible things, so that I may but win Christ. Let fire and the cross, let the companies of wild beasts, let breakage of bones and tearing of limbs, let the grinding of the whole form, and all the malice of the devil, come upon me be it so, only may I win Christ Jesus I am the wheat of Christ I am going to be fundament with the teeth of wild beasts, that I may be form pure bread. 7 Finally during this time Quadratus, bishop of Athens, made an vindication to the emperor on be fractional of Christians. This apology linked with an epistle written by a philosopher in the city, relaxed the emperors views toward Christians to relent8 _________________________7. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 8. ibidPersecution under Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180)During the persecution under Marchs Aureluis, The torture Christians received during this period, was so grievous that even spectators to the torture would wave at the extent of it. Christians were sunderely tortured during this period. They were often scourged to the point that their muscles and veins were visible they were made to walk over nails, sharp shells, and thorns with feet that were already badly injured. The fate of their lives werent much better, if they did not succumb to the torture they were made to endure, they were beheaded, pressed together with weights, or burnt at the steak.The notable Martyrs of this period are Polycarp, who after creationness captured byRoman guards was permitted an hour to pray. after(prenominal) the hour was done the guards who had watched him pray so fervently, actually repented that they had been instrumental in his capture. He was then dragged before proconsul and urged Swear and I will release theereproach Christ. 9 Upon his refusal he was burned in the market place. Justin was another notable martyr during this period. Justin was a notable scholar, philosopher, and teacher. After finishing The Second Apology Justin the emperor was angry and as a result Justin and six of his companions were put away and forced to make sacrifices to pagan gods, when they refused the were scourged and the beheaded.9. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 10. ibidPersecution under Septimus Severus A.D. 192The emperor Severus, was not especially violent toward Christians. One had saved his life from a sever sickness. However ignorance in the people coupled with outdated laws put in place to execute Christians is what hatch the persecution during this period. Pleasure on the Emperor by The masses, made Severus make a new edict that any new believer to Jesus Christ should be executed. Many Christians were inevitably killed under Severus because of this edict Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons was one of the notable martyrs of this period. His zeal for the things of God made the Emperor take notice of him, after a tidy amount of resentment grew Irenaeus was tortured and beheaded.11 Perpetua and Felicitas were two other notable figures in this period. Bothe women were married Perpetua was nursing and child son and Felicitas was pregnant at the time of her capture and later gave birth in prison. On the day appointed for their execution, they were led to the amphitheater. Felicitas and Perpetua were stripped, in order to be thrown to a mad bull, the bull attacked Perpetua source and then darted at Felicitas, and gored her. Both women survived being attacked by the bull, but were later executed by sword. The listening watching the torture and execution was said to have b een sickened by the sight of Felisitas lactating breast fromher young birth.11. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 1112. Alexander Roberts et al., 10 Early Christian Saints Polycarp, Perpetua and Felicitas, Cyprian, Eusebius, Antony, Athanasius, Chrysostom, Jerome, Patrick, Benedict (publication place Error, 2012), 1.The Sixth Persecution, Under Maximus, A.D. 235, mnDuring the sixth persecution under the Emperor Maximus the hot seat Seremianus was on a mission to kill as many Christians as he could. Many Christians were sentenced to death without ever even receiving a trial, Christians were killed in mass killings and dumped into mass gravesnot unlike the genocide bestowed upon the Jews, during Hitlers reign of terror in the early part of the 1900s. Christians were denied any or the respect or decency that so called loyal Roman citizen s would involve in their death and burial.Many Christians were killed or tortured during this period most notable are Pontianus, bishop of Rome, Anteros, his successor, who gave offence to the government by collecting the acts of the martyrs. As well as Hippolitus, a Christian prelate (high ranking member of the clergy) 13, who was cruelly tied to a wild horse, and dragged until he died.Persecution under Decius (250-251)After a time of relative peace and an emperor that was deemed a Christian, the emperor Decius had a decidedly vigorous hate for Christians. Decius goal was to erase even the name Christian at any cost. His decrees to kill Christians emboldened the heathens who were happy13. Merriam-Webster, The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (Springfield, MA Merriam Webster Mass Market, 2004), 1. 14. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 to honor the decrees by killing any Christian they could find. The More Christian deaths attributed to one heathen the higher that heathens merit would be. Fabian, the bishop of Rome, was the first person of prominence to fall victim to this murderous rampage. The previous emperor, Phillip thought highly of Fabian and made the bishop his treasurer however Decius did not theorise so highly of Fabian. On January 20, A.D. 250, he was beheaded Peter, a young, strong man, was stretched upon a wheel, by which all his bones were broken was beheaded for refusing to sacrifice to Venus.He was quoted as saying I am kayoed you should sacrifice to an infamous woman, whose debaucheries even your own historians record, and whose life consisted of such actions as your laws would punish. No, I shall offer the true God the acceptable sacrifice of praises and prayers. 15 An innumerable amount of Christians were killed during this time. Christians are actively sought out by requiring public sacrifice. If they refused they would be killed or they could buy certificates (libelli) instead of sacrificing. The latter was against the rules of the church and carried a severe punishment16 Persecution under Valerian (257-59)Valerian took his position in A.D. 257 and maintained his position for three and a half years. During his reign there is no number that whoremonger be put on how many Christians were martyred during this time. A couple of the martyrs that were named were bishops with in Rome. There was Stephen who was beheaded and then there was a Toulouse who refused to sacrifice.15. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 16. Ferguson, Everett. Church History. 2 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich. Zondervan, 2005-2013. Pp 161-162 Idols, which had his feet tied to the tail of a bull that ran down stairs causes his head to be smashed. Sextus who succee ded Stephen was verycourageous during his time a bishop. It was during his time that the government released an order to put to death all Christian clergy in Rome, Stephen as well as his deacons where martyred.With no regard of age, sex, or title Valerian continued to martyr Christian until he was captured and brought into slavery by the emperor of Persia. After being a slave for seven years, Valerian had his eyes remove and was flayed alive by the emperor, which is what caused Valerian to die. In A.D. 260, Gallienus, who was Valerian, succeeded his father and actually during his time, enjoyed peace with the church17Persecution under Aurelian (r. 270275)In A.D 274 Aurelian was in emperor of Rome and had been principally responsible for the martyrs of two known Christians. The first being a bishop named Felix, who was an advanced prelate to the Roman see. He was later martyred by being sentenced to death by being beheaded. The other known martyr was a gentleman named Agapetus, who sold everything and gave it all to the poor. He was arrested for being a Christian, tortured and then beheaded for this deed. Although Aurelian is not tied together with many martyrs, we formulateted the seed that was later picked up by a attractor named Diocletian.17. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11Severe persecution under Diocletian and Galerius (303-324)In A.D 303 were succumbed to a new loss leader that had a vision of removing all Christians and everything related to the faith. A Roman leader named Galerius was influenced by his adopted son Diocletian to start thepersecution of Christians. The persecution that was set forth towards became so bad that the time contrive of these leaders became known as the Era of the Martyrs.This Era began on February 23, A.D 303 by churches being forced equal to(p) and all books were remov ed and set to flames. Not being satisfied by the burning of the books Diocletian and Galerius had all churches levelled to the ground and all Christians render as outlaws. Many Christians were seized, severely tortured, and then burned alive. Enable to increase the persecution of Christians Galerius ordered the imperial palace to be set on fire and charge Christians with the crime. This lead to Christian homes being set on fire while families were in them and perishing in the fire. Some families were tied together with rocks some their necks and thrown into the sea. This kind of tortured last ten years and got to the level were new inventions were created on how to bear torture as well as an entire city named Phrygia, was burnt to the ground with all the Christians from the townspeople dying in the flames. At one point many of the governors came to the imperial court submitting how they were tired with the slaughtering of the people. From that point on, since they could not be put to death, Christians had their ears, eyes, noses, or limbs removed to make life as hard as possible.During this time there was a Christian officer of the emperors guard at Rome named Sebastian. Not willing to give in to the pagan believe that was being taught to him as a guard, Sebastian was ray of light to death with arrows. Once the execution was completed, other Christians were allowed to recover his body for burial. It was during this time, that they found life in his body and proceeded to help him recover. Sebastian decided to confront Diocletian, who was overcome with surprise to see him alive, and reprehended him for various cruelties and prejudices against Christian. Sebastian was sentenced to death by lashing and was thrown into the sewers where his body was later recovered and buried by Christians.The Christian ResponseOne would expect for Christianity to have died out after so many centuries ofan all-out demonic attack against the people of God. Thats not what happened though. Despite all torture, discrimination. And mass killings. Christianity grew tremendously. In the face of immense persecution, many Christians decided that it was worth it to die before they would deny their Lord and Savior. Justin Martyr was quoted as saying Though beheaded, and crucified, and thrown to wild beasts, and chains, and fire, and all other kinds of torture, we do not give up our confession but, the more such things happen, the more do others in larger numbers become faithful.20 The killing of Christians was meant to dissuade other citizens from becoming Christians and to persuade Christians to turn their back on God. Martyrdom was meant to be a dishonor instead it became the highest honor for a Christian. Many onlookers marveled at the fact that Christians could be put through so much and still be strong in their faith.19. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs ( Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 1120. Justin Martyr, Michael Slusser, and Justin, intercourse with Trypho (Selections from the Fathers of the Church), Revised ed. (Washington, DC Catholic Univ of Amer Pr, 2003), 1.The very thing that was supposed to deter Roman citizens from Christianity was in actuality cause them toward it. Another Christian response to persecution was to write an apology, not an apology in the sense of the way we use the term today, but as a defense of Christianity. The Apologist as they are known wrote apologys to defend Christians and their faith, against pagan actions and misconceptions. These apologies were mainly aimed at emperors to dispute the erroneous claims that pagans held about Christians, and to promote Christians as Good citizens of the Roman Government that held differing religious beliefs. Christians were not cannibalistic, law breaking, people who involved in orgies and this is what the apologies act to convey, in hopes that the persecu tion of the time would subside.ConclusionFrom the beginning of the Christian faith there was always demonic antagonist to the growth of Christianity. Satan used people as his pawns from the moment of the birth of Jesus to exterminate Gods plan for the world. After the death and resurrection of our Savior this demonic influence was kicked into overdrive. Roman Emperor after Roman Emperor tried to eradicate Christianity, but because of the strength and faith of many early Christians this did not happen. Today we can thank the early church fathers for laying the foundation and planting the seeds of the Church that we have today and especially in America take for granted. This does not mean that the devils all-out assault on the Christian church is over it is still under attack even today. Still in many party of the world Christians are tortured and die every day because they refuse to deny the truth. The struggle of the early church seems to be so far away for some of us who live comf ortably and have the liberty to worship how we want. In reality as a people we are not that far removed from it. Every Christian person should be aware of the price that was paid for the Christianity there is today.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Wilken, Robert L. The Christians as the Romans saying Them. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT Yale University Press, 2003.2. Barnes, Albert. Scenes and Incidents in the Life of the Apostle Paul Viewed as Illustrating the Nature and Influence of the Christian Religion. Publication place Ulan Press, 2012.3. Forbush, William Byron, ed. Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs. Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978.4. Roberts, Alexander, mob Donaldson, St. Athanasius, Philip Schaff, St Patrick, and Tertullian. 10 Early Christian Saints Polycarp, Perpetua and Felicitas, Cyprian, Eusebius, Antony, Athanasius, Chrysostom, Jerome, Patrick, Benedict. publication place Error, 2012.5. Merriam-Webster. The Merriam- Webster Dictionary. Springfield, MA Merriam Webster Mass Market, 2004.6. Ferguson, Everett. Church History. 2 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich. Zondervan, 2005-2013.7. Martyr, Justin, Michael Slusser, and Justin. Dialogue with Trypho (Selections from the Fathers of the Church). Revised ed. Washington, DC Catholic Univ of Amer Pr, 2003.