Study of various RISC and CISC processor

Study of various reduced control set estimator and complex instruction set computer of importframe calculatorINTRODUCTIONThe processor (CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is the figurers brain. It bothows the processing of numeric data, marrow information entered in binary form, and the execution of trainings stored in fund. The world-class microprocessor (Intel 4004) was invented in 1971. It was a 4-bit calculation device with a speed of 108 kHz. Since then, microprocessor mogul has grown exp unriva directntially.OperationThe processor (called CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is an electronic roundabout that operates at the speed of an inside clock thanks to a crystallization crystal that, when subjected to an electrical currant, send pulses, called peaks. The clock speed (also called cycle), corresponds to the play of pulses per second, compose in Hertz (Hz). Thus, a 200 MHz computer has a clock that sends 200,000,000 pulses per second.With to each one clock peak , the processor performs an action that corresponds to an control or a part there of. A measure called CPI (Cycles Per pedagogy) gives a representation of the average effect of clock cycles essential for a microprocessor to punish an instruction. A microprocessor power mickle thus be characterized by the number of instruction manual per second that it is cap able-bodied of processing. MIPS (millions of book of operating instructions per second) is the unit of measurement utilise and corresponds to the processor frequency divided by the CPI.One of the primary goals of computer architects is to public figure computers that atomic number 18 often exist effective than their forerunners. Cost-effectiveness includes the cost of ironw are to manufacture the form, the cost of programming, and costs incurred related to the computer architecture in debugging.Both the sign hardware and subsequent programs. If we review the history of computer families we find that the nig h common architectural change is the trend toward ever much mazy machines. Presumably this additional complexity has a positive trade absent with regard to the cost effectiveness of newer models.The Microprocessor R phylogeny-The engine of the computer gyration is the microprocessor. It has led to new inventions, such(prenominal) as FAX machines and personal computers, as well as adding intelligence to existing devices, such as wristwatches and automobiles. Moreover, its accomplishment has remediated by a factor of roughly 10,000 in the 25 years since its birth in 1971.This amplification coincided with the introduction of Reduced Instruction enclothe Computers (reduced instruction set computer). The instruction set is the hardware intelligence agencying in which the bundle tells the processor what to do. Surprisingly, reducing the size of the instruction set eliminating certain instructions based upon a careful quantitative analysis, and requiring these seldom- apply i nstructions to be emulated in software can lead to higher performance, for several reasons-REASONS FOR INCREASED complexitySpeed of Memory vs. Speed of CPU-.from the 701 to the 709 Cocke80. The 701 CPU was about cristal clock as fast as the bosom main remembrance this made each primitives that were implemented as subroutines much long-play than primitives that were instructions. 709 more(prenominal) cost-effective than the 701. Since then, umteen higher-level instructions apply been added to machines in an attempt to improve performance.Microcode and LSI Technology-Microprogrammed control allows the implementation of complex architectures more cost-effectively than hardwired control.Advances in integrated circuit memories made in the late 60s and early 70s feel caused microprogrammed control to be the more cost-effective approach in closely all case. Once the decision is made to use microprogrammed control, the cost to gallop an instruction set is very small only a h ardly a(prenominal) more words of control store.Examples of such instructions are wind editing, integer-to-floating conversion, and mathematical operations such as polynomial evaluation.Code assiduousness-With early computers, store was very expensive. It was therefore cost effective to have very compact programs.Attempting to obtain code density by change magnitude the complexity of the instruction set is often a double-edged the cost of 10% more memory is often far cheaper than the cost of clinch 10% out of the CPU by architectural innovations.Marketing schema-Unfortunately, the primary goal of a computer company is not to practice the most cost-effective computer the primary goal of a computer company is to make the most money by selling computers. In instal to sell computers manufacturers must convince customers that their invent is superior to their competitors.In order to keep their jobs, architects must keep selling new and better designs to their internal management .Upward Compatibility-Coincident with marketing strategy is the perceived need for upwards compatibility. Upward compatibility means that the primary way to improve a design is to add new, and usually more complex, features. Seldom are instructions or addressing modes removed from an architecture, resulting in a gradual sum up in twain the number and complexity of instructions over a series of computers. actualise for High Level Languages-As the use of high level speech communications becomes progressively popular, manufacturers have become eager to provide more powerful instructions to support them. Unfortunately there is little evidence to suggest that any of the more complicated instruction sets have actually provided such support.The exertion to support high-level speech communications is laudable, but we feel that often the focus has been on the wrong issues. hold of Multiprogramming-The rise of timesharing required that computers be able to respond to interrupts with th e ability to halt an executing process and restart it at a later time. Memory management and paging additionally required that instructions could be halted before completion and later restarted. reduced instruction set computing(Reduced Instruction Set Computing)The acronym reduced instruction set computing (pronounced risk), for reduced instruction set computing, represents a CPU design strategy emphasizing the insight that simplified instructions that do slight may heretofore provide for higher performance if this simplicity can be utilized to make instructions execute very quickly. galore(postnominal) proposals for a precise definition have been attempted, and the term is being easily replaced by the more descriptive cut-store architecture.Being an old idea, some aspects attributed to the original reduced instruction set computing-labeled designs (around 1975) include the observations that the memory restricted compilers of the time were often unable to adjourn vantage o f features intended to facilitate coding, and that complex addressing inherently takes many cycles to perform. It was argued that such functions would better be performed by sequences of simpler instructions, if this could yield implementations simple enough to look at with palpablely high frequencies, and small enough to leave room for many registers, factoring out slow memory accesses. Uniform, fixed aloofness an instruction with arithmetics restricted to registers was chosen to ease instruction pipelining in these simple designs, with special(prenominal) load-store instructions accessing memory.The reduced instruction set computing Design Strategies-The basic RISC principle A simpler CPU is a faster CPU.The focus of the RISC design is decline of the number and complexity of instructions in the ISA.A number of the more common strategies include1) Fixed instruction length, generally one word.This simplifies instruction fetch.2) Simplified addressing modes.3) fewer and simpler instructions in the instruction set.4) Only load and store instructions access memoryno add memory to register, add memory to memory, etc.5) Let the compiler do it. Use a good compiler to break complex high-level language statements into a number of simple assembly language statements.Typical characteristics of RISC-For any given level of general performance, a RISC snap off will typically have far fewer transistors dedicated to the core logic which originally allowed designers to increase the size of the register set and increase internal parallelism.Other features, which are typically found in RISC architectures, areUniform instruction format, using a single word with the opcode in the same bit positions in every instruction, demanding less decodingIdentical general purpose registers, allowing any register to be used in any context, simplifying compiler design (although normally there are separate floating point registers)Simple addressing modes. Complex addressing performed via sequences of arithmetic and/or load-store operations. Fixed length instructions which(a) are easier to decode than variable length instructions, and(b) use fast, inexpensive memory to execute a larger pick of code. Hardwired controller instructions (as opposed to microcoded instructions). This is where RISC really shines as hardware implementation of instructions is much faster and uses less silicon real estate than a microstore area. Fused or compound instructions which are heavily optimized for the most commonly used functions. Pipelined implementations with goal of executing one instruction (or more) per machine cycle. Large uniform register set negligible number of addressing modes no/minimal support for misaligned accesses.RISC Examples- orchard apple tree iPods (custom offset7TDMI SoC) Apple iPhone (Samsung ARM1176JZF) Palm and PocketPC PDAs and smartphones (Intel XScale family, Samsung SC32442 ARM9) Nintendo Game Boy Advance (ARM7) Nintendo DS (ARM7, ARM9) Sony Network W alkman (Sony in-house ARM based chip)Advantages of RISC* Speed* Simpler hardware* Shorter design cycle* user (programmers benifits)Dis avails Of RISCq A more sophisticated compiler is requiredq A sequence of RISC instructions is needed to implement complex instructions.q contain very fast memory systems to feed them instructions.q Performance of a RISC application depend critically on the quality of the code generated by the compiler.complex instruction set computer(complex instruction set computer)A complex instruction set computer (CISC, pronounced like sisk) is a computer instruction set architecture (ISA) in which each instruction can execute several low operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction.Performance-Some instructions were added that were never intended to be used in assembly language but fit well with compiled high level languages. Compilers were updated to take advantage of these instructions. The benefits of semantically rich instructions with compact encodings can be seen in modern processors as well, particularly in the high performance surgical incision where caches are a central component (as opposed to most imbed systems). This is because these fast, but complex and expensive, memories are inherently limited in size, do compact code beneficial. Of course, the fundamental reason they are needed is that main memories (i.e. dynamic RAM today) remain slow compared to a (high performance) CPU-core.ADVANTAGES OF CISC* A new processor design could incorporate the instruction set of its predecessor as a subset of an ever-growing languageno need to reinvent the wheel, code-wise, with each design cycle.* Fewer instructions were needed to implement a particular computing task, which led to lower memory use for program store and fewer time-consuming instruction fetches from memory.* Simpler compilers sufficed, as complex CISC instructions could be written that closely resemble d the instructions of high-level languages. In effect, CISC made a computers assembly language more like a high-level language to begin with, leaving the compiler less to do.DISADVANTAGES OF CISC* The first advantage listed above could be viewed as a disadvantage. That is, the incorporation of older instruction sets into new generations of processors tended to force growing complexity.* Many specialized CISC instructions were not used frequently enough to justify their existence. The existence of each instruction needed to be justified because each one requires the storage of more microcode at in the central processing unit (the final and lowest layer of code translation), which must be strengthened in at some cost.* Because each CISC command must be translated by the processor into tens or even hundreds of lines of microcode, it tends to run slower than an equivalent series of simpler commands that do not require so much translation. All translation requires time.* Because a CISC machine builds complexity into the processor, where all its various commands must be translated into microcode for actual execution, the design of CISC hardware is more difficult and the CISC design cycle correspondingly long this means delay in acquiring to market with a new chip.Comparison of RISC and CISCThis table is taken from an IEEE tutorial on RISC architecture.CISC Type ComputersRISC TypeIBM 370/168VAX-11/780Intel 8086RISC IIBM 801Developed19731978197819811980Instructions20830313331120Instruction size (bits)16 4816 4568 323232Addressing Modes422633General Registers1616413832Control Memory size of it420 Kb480 KbNot given00Cache Size64 Kb64 KbNot given0Not givenHowever, nowadays, the difference between RISC and CISC chips is getting smaller and smaller. RISC and CISC architectures are becoming more and more alike. Many of todays RISC chips support just as many instructions as yesterdays CISC chips. The PowerPC 601, for example, supports more instructions than the Pentium. Yet the 601 is considered a RISC chip, while the Pentium is definitely CISC.RISCs are leading in-* New machine designs* Research funding* Publications* Reported performance* CISCs are leading in* REVENUEPerformance* The CISC approach attempts to minimize the number of instructions per program, sacrificing the number of cycles per instruction.* RISC does the opposite, reducing the cycles per instruction at the cost of the number of instructions per program.* Hybrid solutions* RISC core CISC interface* up to now has specific performance tuningFuture AspectsTodays microprocessors are roughly 10,000 times faster than their ancestors. And microprocessor-based computer systems now cost only 1/fortieth as much as their ancestors, when inflation is considered. The result an overall cost-performance forward motion of roughly 1,000,000, in only 25 years This extraordinary draw close is why computing plays such a large role in todays world. Had the explore at universities and industrial laboratories not occurred had the complex interplay between government, industry, and academe not been so successful a comparable advance would still be years away.Microprocessor performance can continue to double every 18 months beyond the turn of the century. This rate can be free burning by continued research innovation. Significant new ideas will be needed in the next decade to continue the pace such ideas are being developed by research groups today.ConclusionThe research that led to the development of RISC architectures represented an important shift in computer science, with emphasis moving from hardware to software. The eventual dominance of RISC technology in high-performance workstations from the mid to late 1980s was a deserved success.In recent years CISC processors have been knowing that successfully overcome the limitations of their instruction set architecture that is more bewitching and power-efficient, but compilers need to be improved and clock speeds need to i ncrease to match the aggressive design of the latest Intel processors.REFERENCESBooks1. Computer system computer architecture by M. Morris Mano2. Processor Archicture by jurij silc, Borut Robic3. George Radin, The 801 Minicomputer, IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol.27 No.3, 19834. John Cocke and V. Markstein, The evolution of RISC technology at IBM, IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol.34 No.1, 19905. Dileep Bhandarkar, RISC versus CISC A Tale of Two Chips, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CaliforniaEncyclopedia1. Encarta2. Britanica

The Body Shop Marketing Plan Marketing Essay

The em consistence lead astray Marketing protrude Marketing EssayThe purpose of this paper is through with(predicate) outline the afoot(predicate) trade environs to establish the marketing plan of The dead physical structure entrepot in take to help it hold the competitively short letter during the dance of 2013.The context will analysis the external purlieu and the internal environment of the organic structure fink in Hull, and based on these information to do the SWOT analysis to evaluate the current market and try to build up reasonable marketing objectives which argon benefits for the growth of the their market sh be.background of the Body shopAccording to the Bodys discover website, their line of reasoning is about engaging and excite customers around their individual needs for fur keeping and hair c be this relies on attracting and retaining the skills, knowledge and creative talent to deliver excellent harvest-tides with prodigious service to their mi llions of customers worldwide. The company has a presence in all over 51 countries, conducts business in 21 languages, operates nearly 2000 stores (about 70% argon franchised), and employs over 6000 wad in company stores, regional offices and UK-based Service Centre. Products are besides sold via the Body take a shit at Home, an in-home sales program that operates in 48 US states and Australia and via a company website in the US. surroundings analysisIn order to increase marketing bundle in a current market, companies must conductfully examine a host of issues. iodin of the most important issues is the marketing environment. The marketing environment includes both inseparable elements, unrivalled is external environment, the another(prenominal) one is internal environment.External surroundThis part explores that the trading and ability of an organization to satisfy its customers who are catchd by the external forces which fall into two categories the macro and micro fo rces of the marketing environment (Dibb, 2006).Macro EnvironmentThe macro-environment defined by Worthington and Britton (2009, p.6) as those macro-environmental influences on business which affect a wide modification of businesses and which finish emanate non only from local and national sources but a similar from international and international developments comprises the PEST checklist which stands for Political, economical, Sociocultural and Technological.PoliticalThe government will shrink the pay expending, which may further reduce consumers shopping willingness. At the same time, governments exact passed specified law to forbid animal-testing (CNN, 2003). Additionally, this series of industries need to deal with the shoot a line and rubbish, which comes with mathematical production. In this way, all over the nations, societies, and companies would keep a sustainable development and material recycle using. The Hull Council corroborate door stride recycling collection s anda network of recycling sites, and they remove it easy for hoi polloi to recycle.(www.hullcc.gov.uk,2012)Above all, the complete patience should not make any pollution to our environments. Lastly, the countrys political steady is the fall line to keep a regular application chain (Nicholls A, Opal C, 2005).EconomicNot only in the UK but likewise in the whole EU, governments are now all suffering from financial issues more(prenominal) or less. pastime debt-fuelled growth, households re principal(prenominal) laden with debt. As a result, the dish aerial and individual(prenominal) care market saw increase footing consciousness among consumers and thence a switch to family and lot purchases during 2011 (Euromonitor International,2012) . In this situation, its really not a positive circumstance for private label products development. More importantly, in much(prenominal) a negative economic situation, the companies need to do something more, such as promotion and disco unting, or develop some more products for some more potential consumers.SocioculturalIn this section, the health and ravisher industries need to reduce the aging and male potential consumers into consideration, in which way to satisfy their picky needs (Euromonitor International,2012).Secondly, an constancy should be responsible for their customers. The products need to be luxuriouslyly-developed without any synthetic instalments in order to lower the risk for health (Euromonitor International,2012),and withal over half of women refuse to use any stunner products, which have been tested on animals first.(SkinInc,2008).Lastly and equally importantly, Consumers upgraded to one time bulk purchases in categories such as bath and shower, deodorants, hair care and spoken care (Euromonitor International,2012)TechnologyIncreasing the potation of e-commercial sale methods, such equivalent sunrise(prenominal) coming products introduction and promotion on line, dealing and dialog ue over the internet, or business consultants with live video chat. And the company is highly recommended to build their have got website or with some relative partners, via which to display the productions and escalate their scars as well(Euromonitor International,2012).Meanwhile, companies should focus on developing new technologies, for example, whiting, In this way, link companies would also in a positive competitive. intimately importantly, an efficient product is the root of a brand as to a company.Micro EnvironmentMicro environment have a very board influence on every(prenominal) organisation operating in a particular proposition market, from market to distributers to competitors to customers, and such an impact is largely universally felt by such organisations (Dibb, 2006, p89).Market2010 is a year of prosperity and growth for the beauty and personal care industry. The growth rate of the industry value increased from 4% to 5%, which was contributed mostly by the mass m arket. In particular, with 3% value growth following a 0.5% drop in the know year, the recovery of cosmetics was the most eye-catching in this industry(Beauty and Personal dispense tell apart of the Industry, 2011).CustomersTarget audienceThe first tooshie audience is females, age 18 to 34, who have low brand awareness for the system shop and midget discretionary income but still want to indulge in the spa-at-home products.The support target audience is females, age 35 to 55. Currently in the US, thither are 43.98 million total women ages 35 to 55.Buyer power(see appendice3).Customer behaviorThe price in Hull are similar low in the market, and wad use less money to buy convenience products or high price products like house, so people have more degage money to buy beauty products like products which are sold in the Body fink in particular the average earnings have increased. (www.hullcc.gov.uk/,2012)(see appendice8).CompetitorsThe body shops main rival is Bath Body kit and boodle who offers a variety of beauty products. Bath Body Works runs more than 1600 stores in the UK compared to the body shops 300 nationwide stores. In 2009, the turnover of Bath Body Works exceeded 2,300 million dollars, at the same time, it spent more than 915,000 dollars in advertisement(see Appendice7). Compared the website rapscallion with The Body Shop, they are similar except the color, but The Body Shop have a higher high brand committedness(www.dmnews.com/beauty-product-retailers-tick-all-the-boxes-but-only-one-passes-the-sniff-test/article/265442/,2012)(see Appendice9).SuppliersThe suppliers of this industry could also be divided into three classes. The first one is Top-level brands, Most of the suppliers are sold in bulk and the mixed bag of special ingredient is not too much, so the power of the suppliers is stronger than other suppliers. The second one is Mid-Level targets. In this level, the suppliers also produce non-differentiated products and specialize d . The power of those suppliers is also strong, and the transmutation costs are low as the same as top-level brands. The go one is Generic Brands. There are various suppliers in this group, the diversity of the products is low, therefore, the switching costs are low(IAA augmentatives, 2002).DistributorsThere are two main kinds of distributors. One is according to the traditional distributors, the supermarkets played a dominant manipulation in the distribution channel of beauty and personal care industry in the UK, it accounted for a 49.8% share of totality in 2010. (Hand Body Care Industry Profile, 2011)Another one is internet retailing, The internet retailing makes beauty and personal care advanced remarkably.Internal environmentThe last step in the Environment Analysis is gathering information for the internal environment.Brand ImageThe Shop ensures their image by guarantying its cosmetics and personal care products are not tested on ani-mals, and that they contain sustainab ly sourced oils and other vegetarian ingredients (The Body Shop). In addition, the campaigns in which The Body Shop participates is another step they take to make a difference both environmentally and individually.The company promotes beauty is in the customers eye instead of the beholders (Hoovers, 2004).Competitive advantagesIf the company green goddess mete out the products which are hard to copy and have great value which their competitors cannot have, the company own the competitive advantages which can increase their market share and build their brand identity. We compare The Body Shop with LOreal and OlayNivea(see Appendices3,4).Product/ServiceThe Body Shopoperates in the global cosmetic and toiletries (CT) industry. FromEuromonitior, the CT industry includes the following handsome group ofproducts baby care, bath andshower products, deodorants, hair care, color cosmetics, mens dressing products, oral hygiene, fragrance, skincare, sun care anddepilatories. Skin care produ cts are the absolute majority occupying 27% of all products. (Schieffer Multimedia The Body Shop Media invent ). Company has already produced a range of over 600 beauty and health products and more than 400 related accessories including exfoliating bath gloves, mitts, body buffers and so on until March, 2010. These products can further be segmented into two categories based onproduct ingredients those made from natural materials and those madefrom synthetic chemicals.As one thousand policies TBS always pursues, company reduces their packaging by use as bittie packaging as possible in the first place. For the vast majority of products they use simple bottles and jars, with no secondary packaging (The Body Shop Values Report, 2009) and most of their gift packaging can be reused.TBS also provides varieties of run for customers. TBS official website includes a Technical Support area knowing for those experiencing difficulty with the online store. An extensive FAQ section with cat egories pertaining to shopping, ordering, shipping, returns and so on(see appendice1,2).PriceThe prices are ranged from highest 43 pounds to lowest 2 pounds. Compared with the average income level in Hull, the price of TBSs products can be considered as relatively affordable level. Compared with competitors in Hull, the price of TBS is strong point level described as massige price.PlaceIn Hull city, TBS owns two stores managed directly by headquarter. There are also some shops which are run on a franchising basis in Hull. These two shops situation separately in Princes Quay Shopping Centre and St Stephens Shopping Centre which are largest shopping centers in the Hull where can attract quantities of people especially on the weekends.In order to satisfy the customers requirements and obtain timely and dilate market information, the body shop the reduce the distribution channels, they want to do the direct market which do not contain any agents to sell their products. They use their own shops and websites to do the selling.PromotionThe body shop does detailed publicize because they regard stores as the most effective platform to publicise themselves.AdvertisingTraditional media the TBS in Hull advertises on traditional media such as magazines.New media the body shop try to use new media to attract more customers, they make a high profit through the website campaign.TBS develops an e-CRM structure as network marketing of TBS matures and evolves. This system provides different services containing the Body Shop SPA, personalization program and so on. And TBS in Hull also sells products face to face with kind service. Staff of stores in Hull have been train well to be familiar with products and offer good service.(see appendice5)Following the development of the apple online shop they promote their own app software called applaud Your Body. They also build the home shopping party plan in the UK.Personal sellingTBS had built a unique member confederation for lo yal customers where rewards them with discounts, free gifts and access to the kinds of perks and privileges only club membership brings.They also have a lot of discounts and gift packages in different seasons and festivals which can attract customers.SWAT AnalysisStrengths1.Leader of Animal Protection2.Expand E-Commerce Activities3.Innovative products4..High brand loyaltyWeaknesses1.Small go of stores in UK2.Many products are in the mature of declining stage3.little advertisingOpportunitiesBans of animal-testing laws which help the body shop to attract more customers2.Expand The Body Shop at Home Program3.Increased awareness of organic and eco-friendly product4.Increasing number of online buyersThreats1.the shrink finance which influence peoples awareness to buy products2.Competition in Cosmetic Industry3.Risks in Material SupplyMarketing Objectives1.Reinvigorate the body shop in the minds of women who have previous experience with the brand to increase the market share.The body sh op can do some campaign like give people free samples and show people the material of the product.2.Promote awareness of the Body Shop core brand and specific mens grooming product offerings through targeted channels such that at least 35% of the target demographicare aware ofthe products and the unique values ofthe Body Shop.In Hull there are marginally more males in the popular commonwealth than females whilst in the East Riding there are marginally more females, this is likely to be a function of the younger race in the city. The Hull City Assessment Report notes that in Hull in under 70 age bands males outnumber females in every age group whilst females outnumber males in older age groups. This highlights the go along trend towards higher female life expectancy(Economic Development Regeneration, 2011)(see Appendices8 ).ConclusionIn conclusion, in order to get a high market share and attract more customers, the body shop should do more advertising and extend their market to the men.AppendicesAppendice1FIGURE 1 The Body Shop UK Estimated sales as share of UK cosmetics and toiletries specialists sales, 2006-10SOURCE MintelAppendice2FIGURE 2 The Body Shop Outlet data, 2006-102006 2007 2008 2009 2010UKOutlet numbers312322338329311Of whichCompany owned261282299295297Franchises6140393414Estimated sales per discharge (000)542577511477490Estimated sales per outlet (000)797849639536581SOURCE LOral Company Accounts and Annual Reports/MintelAppendice3FIGURE 3 The Body Shop shoppers in last 12 months, by gender, age and socio-economic group, November 2011 quality Bars show The Body Shop shoppers relative to all people who have bought skincare, cosmetics and fragrances/aftershaves in the last 12 monthsSOURCE Ipsos Mori/MintelAppendice4FIGURE 4 The Body Shop shoppers in last 12 months, by ACORN group, November 2011 situation Bars show The Body Shop shoppers relative to all people who have bought skincare, cosmetics and fragrances/aftershaves in the last 12 monthsSO URCE Ipsos Mori/MintelAppendice5FIGURE 5 The Body Shop Online consumer demographics, three month average to October 2011SOURCE comScore/MintelAppendice6 circumvent 1 flurry United Kingdom hand body care market distribution % share, by value 2010Channel% ShareSupermarkets/hypermarkets49.8%Pharmacies/drugstores19.0% medical specialist Retailers13.2%Others18.0%Total nose candy%Source Datamonitor DATAMONITORAppendice7Table 2Compare with other beauty brandThe body shopLOrealOlayNiveaProduct lineprimarily skincareBroadFocus on skincareMarket positionEnvironment friendlyLeaderMajor competitorIn skin body care marketCompetitive advantagesNatural-base brand value genuinely experienced global brandLow price product originationPrice rangeMid-rangeSlightly lower than the body shopMid-low(the body shop, Kannu Priya Rawat 30th Mar 2010)ONS MYE 2009 Hull East Riding GBAppendice8Table 3Resident populationONS MYE 2009 HULL East Riding GBNumber % Number % Number %Resident Population (2009)1 262,40 0 100%337,000 100%60,003,100 100%Males 132,800 50.6%166,000 49.3%29,495,400 49.2%Females 129,600 49.4%171,000 50.7%30,507,700 50.8%Source ONS Mid Year Estimates 20091Percentage is proportion of total populationAppendice9Figure6the average earning increaseSourceHULL ECONOMIC SITUATION update No. 31 28 April 2011Appendice9Table 4 compare the Body Shop with BathBody works

Management Theory Analysis Of Case Study Business Essay

Management surmisal digest Of Case Study Business EssayIn yield, the victor of an ecesis signifi tar beartly depends upon its c be and the theories or designs take by it for successfully treatment its distinguish fitted aspects. The concept of uphold is been personad from last somewhat(prenominal) years nonwithstanding applied in diametrical elbow room. The different usance of solicitude has been evolved in the form of musical mode conjecture. The concept of oversight possibility has substantial from unequivocal slacking, bureaucracy, human being relations, and social psycho coherent schools, systems and contingency set virtu altogetheryes to contemporary guidance approaches. any the supra mentioned prudence theories be admit been ingestn by different theorists with their profess viewpoints and assumptions that scum bag be applied in workplace harmonise to the necessitate. straight off, application of instruction speculation is important b ecause it go to organizations with an approach to hire its entire citizenry more productive. IT facilitates respective(prenominal)s and professional with diverse approaches and tactics that they foundation use to manage their argumentation and human resources. The vital key to an organizations success is its people and if it is able to manage them, it withdraw out stiffly attain its pre-determined goals. every(prenominal) the aspects worry, management theory, contemporary theories of management, organisational designs, green light within organizations and organizational organises ar somehow related to each newfound(prenominal). All of these be different further interrelated as these are used by a riotous to manage its processes, operations and resources. All of these aspects and emergence of management theory get out be discussed in detail in this assignment in revive to the prone scenario of Computing for Commerce (chlorofluorocarbon).This assignment depart be devise with the serve of analyzing whole previous researches do in this field and its pertinence in workplace. A number of theorists and researchers have analyzed the management theory and its practice at workplace. They have given some(prenominal)(prenominal) theories or approaches that toilette be used to improve the productivity of workplace. These different theories and approaches volition be analyzed to understand the applicability of management theories and approaches in workplace.The companionship selected for the countersign and applicability of management behaviour and theory is Computing for Commerce. It was established by Nico train Barneveld in 1984. It was started as centralized payroll department bureau that give care payroll transactions for companies who are too sm all in all to run their own payroll departments. It produce monthly payroll statements, transfer funds into employees posit calculates and calculate monthly tax deductions which are paid to the inland tax revenue on behalf of its clients. From the sentence of its origin, the coat of its customers has grown from 50 customers to 300 customers. The go with operates with a flat social system and still runs everything in a custody on elan.Critical Review of chlorofluorocarbons Management Style and PracticesIn 1984, when Nico Van Barneveld founded Computing for Commerce, it was serving only a couple of(prenominal) customers. Now, as smart set has expand in terms of its operations and customers it should adopt some different approach earlier than only a flat organizational social structure or conventional management calls and practices. The management practices and styles adopted by chlorofluorocarbon was rough-and-ready in old time but now, it is confronting severe issues and it is all because of its otiose style of management.The concept of management exists from past some centuries but it has organize out substantial from last few decades. This is becau se of the failures confronted by heterogeneous organizations in concern to their management behaviour and practices. From last some decades, chlorofluorocarbon has confronted several(prenominal) opport unities as good as challenges and it is all due to add globalisation and rising level of competition. For capitalizing on alive opportunities and minimizing the centre of heightening challenges, it adopted different expansion strategies.The expansion strategies assistanted the smart set in enlarging its customer base, but it didnt sponsor it in managing its operations and resources. The guild employees were dissatisfied that evidences that it should have adopted some rough-and-ready management theory as from last several years a number of management theories have emerged. Theories care classical theory, bureaucracy, human relations, and social psychological schools, systems and contingency approaches could meaning(a)ly assist byplay organizations (Miner 2007). The adop tion of different management theories would have facilitated chlorofluorocarbon with an appropriate management style or practice to manage their operations and as well as their resources the analogouss of finance and human resources.This could in any case be unsounded with the help of discussion of the bourgeonment of management theory, different schools of management and their implications for the arrangement of chlorofluorocarbons challenges and opportunities.Classical piddle-upal TheoryThe classical organizational theory authentic throughout the first half of this century. This management theory is merger of Taylors scientific management, Webers bureaucratic theory and Fayols administrative theory (Almashaqba Al-Qeed 2010). Classical organization theories reach to formal organization and concepts for increase management efficiency. Taylor introduced scientific management concepts in 1917, Weber gave the bureaucratic approach and Fayol explicated the administrative theo ry of the organization (Walonick n.d.).With the help of all these theories or some of these theories, chlorofluorocarbon would have easily solved its troubles related with the management of its employees and their distributions in the management of their work. These theories could earthshakingly assist CFC in increasing its management efficiency as it is vital for the come with with its increasing expansion (Organizational Theories n.d.). The advantages and disadvantages of these different classical theories in concern to CFC croupenister be understood with their discussionsTaylors Scientific Management ApproachThe scientific management approach was positive by Taylor and it is grounded on the conception of homework of work for attaining efficiency, standardization, specialization and simplification. This approach concentrated on the need of increasing mutual trust among management and workers as it is a key to increase productivity (Rimer 1993). If CFC in desire manner pi ps use of this approach, it cigarette efficaciously stick out all its operations and distributions of its employees or trainers. Taylor explicated the subsequent four principles of scientific management through which business organizations can improve their productivityOld rules-of-thumb should be replaced by a scientific approach.Organizations should select employees on the foundation garment of some analysis, and then should be taught, trained and developed.Concentrate on the need of cooperation among management and undertaking so that all work can be done in treaty to the developed scientific principles.Scientific training of the workers so that work can be divided efficaciously between workers and managers with effective planning and control (Walonick n.d.).With the help of this approach CFC may as well plan and control all its business operations like payroll transactions and PC Application training. The allocation of local centre managers and trainers would too be don e on scientific derriere. This exit assist the ships caller-out in making formal divisions among its workers and managers and as well as in adopting systematic procedures (Almashaqba Al-Qeed 2010). On the other(a) hand, this approach likewise has some limitations like in red-brick time it is non very much relevant as nowadays concentration on merchandise is replaced by people. In modern time, companies cannot use their employees just as a mean of production they have to treat their employees in a fair and imperative manner (Miner 2007).Webers Bureaucratic ApproachBureaucratic approach was given by exclusive Weber in 1947. He elaborated theories given by Taylor and punctuate on the need to abbreviate diversity and uncertainty in organizations. As well, he concentrated on the establishment of clear lines of authority and control. This bureaucratic theory also stressed on the need of a gradable structure of power (Walonick n.d.). It assisted the businesses in identifying the significance of division of labor and specialization. In addition to this, a formal set of rules was also jump into the hierarchy structure so that companies can effectively insure perceptual constancy and uniformity (Organizational Theories n.d.).By making use of this approach CFC can easily and effectively modify its flat organizational structure that is not suitable nowadays as it is expanding its operations. With the help of bureaucratic approach, the troupe can significantly develop as a formal organization base on structure, specialization, certainty and stability, rationality and uniformity. This formal structure impart assist the company in resolving all its present challenges and capitalizing on purchasable opportunities.In addition to the above discussed advantages, this approach also has some limitations as it allow not assist the company in the management of aspects like inflexibility, im personality, displacement of aims, limitation of classification and sel f-protraction. It go a elbow room bring forth a vertical organizational structure that go out give rise to legion(predicate) levels of management. Many levels of management volition increase complexity and difficulty in attaining coordination.administrative TheoryThe last significant classical theory is Administrative theory that is also known as principles of management. This theory was validated in 1930. It was developed by Fayol in 1949. This theory stressed on the information of a universal set of management principles that could be applied to all organizations (Organizational Theories n.d.). The different elements of this theory are get in touchd to the accomplishment of tasks, principles of management, the conception of line and round, committees and functions of management.This theory assisted in the identification of the management principles rather than personal traits. some other theorists only shared their beliefs but Fayol was first that recognized management as an ongoing process of evaluation. By making use of this theory CFC can significant attain several advantages in terms of functions of management (planning, organizing, training, commanding and coordinating), line and staff and principles of management (Sapru 2006). All these concepts leave assist the company in managing its business operations, customers, stakeholders and other associates.The 14 principles of management will help the company and Nico in an effective management of its organization and its resources. The company will convey able in dealing with all its existing issues related with management of operations and resources (Walonick n.d.). In addition to all these advantages, the company may also confer some disadvantages if these principles are not managed in an appropriate manner. It may increase chaos and confusion among the company and its employees.With the discussion of classical theory, it can be utter that it can help CFC in the management of its organization but it is very rigid and mechanistic. In this theory, employees have minimum power over their jobs and working conditions that is not germane(predicate) with modern era. In modern era employees are given significant preferences in spite of production as until or unless they are not happy, a firm may not attain its objectives. modernclassical Organization TheoryNeoclassical theorist stressed on the significance of individual or throng behaviour and accentuated on human relations. On the basis of the Hawthorne experiments the neoclassical approach stressed on the development of social or human relationships among the operators, researchers and superiors (Organizational Theories n.d.). The considerations of this theory were more pertinent to rendering productivity rather than only making adjustments in working conditions. The neoclassical theorists argued that business can attain productivity increases by developing high morale. High morale is affected by the amount of individual, personal and close attention workers catch (Mirowski 1983).By making use of this theory, CFC can effectively develop its employees rather than only adopting changes in work pattern or conditions. This theory can facilitate company and Neo on concentrating on human nature aspects. With the help of this management practice, CFC will become able in establishing an informal organization structure and focalization on the development of its employees (Walonick n.d.). With the implication of this theory, Neo will become able in judgement that an employee is not a mechanical tool. An employee is a social being who have several aspirations that affect his performance and productivity.This understanding would assist Neo in developing the productivity of his employees by providing them effective opportunities and motivation. With the application of this theory Neo will also become able in understanding the splendor of work group and participative management. Participative management will a ssist CFC in attaining all available opportunities and in expansion and resolving issues of employee dis blessedness. Work group will assist it in deriving the benefits of synergy. In this way, this theory will intimately help CFC in the management of its employees that are more or less vital aspect of a business growth.In addition to above discussed advantages, this theory also has some disadvantages. The management behaviour and practices rendered by this theory sometimes may create failure as in that location is escape of monitoring that is vital. This theory implies for loose control over subordinates that is not applicable in present competitive surroundings. At some extent it is requirement to monitor subordinates as otherwise they may divert from the given duties or responsibilities.Contingency TheoryThis theory is a kind of behavioural theory that asserts that in general there is no effective way to systematize a corporation, to direct it and undertake decisions. In spite of this, the best way to manage an organization depends upon its internal and international situation. It was developed by Chandler in 1962 and Lawrence and Lorsch in 1969. In respect to this theory different contingent approaches were developed in the late 1960 (Bacher 2007). Contingency theorists suggested that previous theories like Webers bureaucracy and Taylors scientific management had broke down because they overlooked the surround (Walonick n.d.).In modern time, management style and organizational structure of a firm is substantially influenced by its internal and outer milieu or contingency factors. If CFC make use of this theory can effectively resolve all its troubles related with expansion and management of its operations. An analysis of its environment will significantly help the company in its prox business decisions (Organizational Theories n.d.). With an internal environment analysis, the company can easily identify the substantial reasons of its employee d issatisfaction and level of their performance.On the other hand, external environment will assist it in its future business planning and decisions. With the use of contingency theory, the company will effectively become able in managing its conflicts rather than avoiding it. In addition to these advantages, this theory also has some disadvantages like it is applicable only in a situation when organizational environment is unstable or changing (Jacques 2007). As well, this also demands management time, money, and effort so that coordination can be come through.Systems TheoryThis theory was suggested by Hungarian biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1928. This theory emphasized that all the elements of an organization are interconnected and if there occurs change in a variable it might affect several others also (Northouse 2009). In concern to this theory, organization is considered as open system that is continually interacting with its environment. By applying this theory CFC can ef fectively derive immense success.It will assist the company in shaping its reality on the basis of its actions. It will help Neo in understanding how its own actions have shaped its present position and that in turn will pressurize his confidence. With this, he will become able in understanding that its success is related to all its business elements (Kast rose winenzweig 1972). If it makes changes in an element it has to evaluate other elements also so that determined objective can be attained effectively (Walonick n.d.). This theory will help CFC in focussing on all its business elements rather than at a adept element.Additionally, it also has disadvantages like its concept of nonlinearity adds massive complexity to understanding of organizations. Its nonlinearity introduces significant complexity and that makes it difficult to understand the relationships between variables. This may also drive CFC towards confusion so it is better to understand its affectivity so that complex ity may not arise (Organizational Theories n.d.). The relationship among all its business variables ask to be identified for effective functioning.Approaches to Contemporary Issues in ManagementNowadays, the new conception of management has entirely replaced the traditional perspectives of management. In present managers from all around the world are essay to seek new insights about how they can lead in a much better manner and how they can motivate, organise and manage their organisations (McKenna 2000). All these efforts of universal managers are highly affected by the contemporary issues of management confronted by them.With the increasing globalization and healthy world merchandise conditions, more and more companies are trying to operate at international level. All companies want to reach at the benefits of global expansion so that they can reap the existing opportunities. The effect of globalization has forced companies to move into unconnected markets that in turn present several issues in front of managers in concern to management (Daft 2009). They are confronting issues like decreasing level of motivation, downsizing, managing diversity, and management of rapid change and clash with the competing demands of all stakeholders. Similar is the situation with CFC and need to be managed effectively.All these contemporary issues in management can be resolved effectively at CFC by making use of advanced approaches towards employee motivation, management style, change management and fulfilling competing demands of all stakeholders. For motivating its employees the company can make use of approach of employee empowerment. This will develop self-leadership among CFCs employees and they will become authorised to lead others (Jacques 2007). The deliverance of authority to employees will increase their motivation towards the accomplishment of CFC goals.In addition to employee empowerment, the CFC may also make use of different types of management styles and c hange management approaches. Both of these will assist the company in responding to change in its internal and external environment. For managing its internal environment the company should make use of participative management style as this will assist in the development of tractile management (Holbeche 2006). It will heighten the communication among company managers and employees that in turn will increase their level of performance. The changed management approach like planned change will assist the company in dealing with its external environment and effect of globalization (Luthans 1998).Participative approach towards management and effective modes of communication will assist, CFC in significantly meeting with the competing demands of all its stakeholders. Internal and external environment analysis will assist it in understanding the needs and requirements of its customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders (Harris Hartman 2001). In this way, it can be said that in presen t there are various approaches that can be used by CFC for dealing with the contemporary issues of management.Evaluation of CFCs Enterprise Culture Consideration of its in operation(p) StructureCFC is a small size firm and its enterprise floriculture is not as effective as it need to be in present time. The company operates in the simplest manner and does not give importance to social values of employees, associates and its stakeholders. Due to its weak enterprise culture it confronts several issues in concern to its employees, associates, stakeholders satisfaction. The company operates as a fix trader that has several advantages as well as disadvantages for it (Murray, Poole Jones 2006).The only person that owns the CFC is Neo. In this type of company structure, Neo being a sole proprietor has absolute control over his business and he is totally responsible for its management. This type of structure has little start up costs and it is elementary. All the profits made by this t ype of company structure are kept by Neo only and it is kinda malleable as whatever changes are required can be made easily.On the other, this structure also render Neo with several disadvantages like he has to manage all business related tasks and as his business is expanding, it will become difficult for him only to manage all business operations. He is exclusively responsible for paying all debts and it is also difficult for a sole trader to raise funds for expansions (Spedding Rose 2008). With the discussion of these disadvantages of sole trading, it can be said that the CFC should make use of some other company structure. Now as company is increasing in its size and customer base than it should make use of following company structuresLimited CompaniesLimited companies subsist with their own right. The companys pay are distinguished from the personal finances of their proprietors. Shareholders may be people or other companies and they are not accountable for the companys deb ts unless they have given guarantees. The main types of limited company are private limited companies, world limited companies and private unlimited companies (Pride, Hughes Kapoor 2009).In this type of business structure, there is limited liability. It means that each shareholder or member is conceivable only at the extent of the amount invested by him. This type of structure also avoids double taxation. On the other hand, it also has some limitations like restrictive transfer of ownership (Needham Dransfield 1994).PartnershipsIn this type of company structure, cardinal or more people share the risks, costs and responsibilities of business. Each associate is self-employed and enjoys a share of the profits. In this type of company structure, partners make decisions by coordinating with each other that usually results in cognizant success. It reduces the risk of individually running and managing a business (Spedding Rose 2008). It is a relatively simple and flexible way to man age a business. On the other hand, it also has some disadvantages like it is not essential that both the partners follow all established rules and ethics. They may take advantage of other for fulfilling their own needs.Co-operativesIt is a distinct type of business structure that is user-owned and user-controlled business that allocates margins to its users on the basis of use of patronage. This structure authorizes its users to attain ownership by patronizing the business. It also has risks like uncertainty, and follows up of established code of stand (Pride, Hughes Kapoor 2009).With the above discussion of different types of business structures, it can be said that CFC should make use of some other operating structure in spite of sole trading. As now, the size of company is increasing in terms of its operations, customer base and oversea expansion it is not possible for Neo only to manage each business aspect. In this situation, he should adopt some other company structure like partnership or limited company.Analysis of CFCs Organization StructureFrom the time of its origin, CFC is operating with flat organizational structure. In the company everything runs in a hands on manner. The company has four key staff in the centre of the company that handle management functions like finance and marketing. As well, the company also has a dedicated central IT squad of 3 people handling the payroll service. The company is running on flat organizational structure because it feels this structure is appropriate in accordance to its small size.With the help of this flat structure the company is able in attaining effective communication among its employees and management. It also assists CFC in the development of effective team spirit, less bureaucracy and rational decision making (Furnham 2005). In addition to these advantages of flat organizational structure, the company also confronts several disadvantages like it may limit its growth and structure. Functions of an i ndividual or department could be blurred and merge with the job roles of others as there are not any distinctions between individuals roles (Daft Marcic 2008).With the discussion of these advantages and disadvantages of flat organizational structure, it can be said that CFC should adopt some other organizational design. As now companys operations and customer base is increasing day by day and it is also planning to establish its operations in overseas locations, the company should change its old organizational structure. Subsequent are the various organizational designs that can be considered by CFC for the effective management of its new overseas venturesFunctional StructureIt is a type of departmentalization in which positions are grouped on the basis of their main functional area. In other words, in this type of structure positions are grouped into units on the basis of similarity of expertise, acquisitions and work activities (Montana Charnov 2000). It is most common method o f sort activities. CFC can also make use of this structure as it will assist it in running its overseas operations effectively. With the help of this structure, the company will become able in grouping its several employees on the basis of their functions like marketing, finance, operations, management etc.It is a logical structure and can help the company in managing its increasing size and employee base. With the help of this functional structure, Neo will effectively utilize its greater variety of skills. This structure will provide lucidity to its members regarding their roles and duties and with this they will get specialization in specific business area (Drucker 2008). This role clarity and specialization will develop employees leadership skills.Divisional StructureA divisional organizational structure is a type of departmentalization in which positions are grouped according to similarity of products, work or markets. With the help of this organizational structure, CFC can divide its complex functional units into smaller, more flexible and administrative units. The functions of its payroll departments can be classified into different divisions (Luthans 1998). This will assist the company in promoting independent and self-contained units in its overseas ventures.This can also be used for managing its increasing size and technology. Employees satisfaction level will also increase with this type of structure as they will became independent and will operate according to their own rationality in concern to given goals. Each division or unit of the company will react quickly that is vital for operating successfully in overseas ventures. In addition to this, organization and coordination will also become easy and speedy (Storey 2004).Hybrid StructureOther substantial organization structure that can be used by CFC for managing its increasing size and customer base is hybrid structure. This structure will assist the company in adopting both the functional and divisional structure at the same level of management (Agarwal 1983). With the help of functional structure, the company will become able in deriving advantages of economies of scale, greater competence of managers and competence in resource utilization (Murphy Saal 1990). As well, with the help of divisional structure it will become able in concentrating on its services and markets.Matrix StructureThe last significant organizational structure that can be used by CFC for managing its overseas ventures is matrix organizational structure. It is type of departmentalization that superimposes a horizontal set of divisions reporting relationships onto a gradable functional structure. With the help of this structure the CFC can take advantages of alter decision making. In addition to this, it will facilitate the company in attaining strong project or product coordination (Griffin Moorhead 2009). With this structure the company will become able in quickly responding to changes and makin g a flexible use of human resources.With the discussion of all substantial organizational designs, it can be said that CFC can easily make use of above discussed structures. With the help of these advanced organizational designs the company will become able in managing its overseas ventures by analyzing goals, values, cultures, size, technology and tasks.Evaluation of world(a) Issues that affect CFC and its New VentureIn the last few years, Nico has seen the evolution of outsourcing as a most important new way of doing business. He has also decided that CFC must grab this luck on an international scale. In this concern he has determined to open an outsourced IT support centre in the far east to take account of the lower wage structure in that part of the world. He also have plan to open an outsourced call centre of more or less 200 people working from the overseas territory on behalf of approximately 50 UK based companies.For its global ventures, Neo has discovered three countries o f interest that are Vietnam, Cambodia and Philippines. Nico knows very little about these countries working practices and environment that can negatively affect its operations. For handling with these global issues, it is essential that the company take into account existing market forces, barriers to trade and related aspects.Nowadays more and more countries are adopting and signing different agreements so that they can operate without any limits or constraints in foreign locations. The concept of release economy has emerged with the evolution of aspects like protectionism, trading blocs (EU, NAFTA etc) and importation quotas and import duties. By analyzing all these aspects and benefits limitations of free market, CFC can effectively enter the selected foreign countries (Pride, Hughes Kapoor 2009).ProtectionismIt is the economic policy that limits trade between states with the use of techniques like tariffs on imported goods, protective quotas and a kind of other government ord inances. These constraints in this economic policy were planned to deter imports, and preclude foreign take-over of domestic help markets and companies. This policy is intimately coordinated with anti-globalization (Hill 2008). It is a contrast to free trade that is still used in some nations but is been abolishing from last several years with increasing globalization.Trade BlocsA trade bloc is a kind of intergovernmental placement that is mostly part of a regional intergovernmental organization. With these agreements regional impediments to trade like tarif

Total quality management in competitive globalisation

full(a) tonicity emphasis in competitive globalisation universe of discourse(prenominal) quantity lumber management in fiscal operate industries radical woodland managementThe business leaders face immense pressure in todays turbulent competitive environment thats move forward by globalisation, macro-environment factors and go on technological growth of internet. The strong market forces within this competitive environment hurl developed global customers who be more aware of variety shows in the global market.Total quality management is an essential tool in any business to surmount future ch e precise go away(predicate)enges within the turbulent financial service environment. TQM provides the financial business leaders with a formalised subprogram in setting clear and achievable corporate objectives and at the corresponding beat guides the management in supplying strategies to maximise resources and to achieve win-win partnership.Total quality management (TQM) i s an organization-wide process that revolves around the Total graphic symbol Triad. It assumes that thither is nalways a state of perfection (Kelada, 1996). Hence, in order to that designings are developed in an integrated manner, three heavy total quality principles must be adhered to participation and commitment by stake chequerers and senior management team, employee involvement and continuous returns to meet customer satisfaction.Source Bradford UniversityTotal quality management in global financial function environmentIn the global financial serve environment, Total Quality Management (TQM) provides the overall concept that fosters continuous return in an organization. The implementation of a Quality Management System (QMS) does not equate to self-generated results.Continual returnsContinuous improvement of the QMS is of paramount importance for meeting and satisfying clients ever changing needs and requirements. The purpose of the project is to refer quality improve ment by means of Kaizen program, performance measurements benchmarking with appropriate key performance indicators and essentially plan a balanced scorecard to achieve continual improvement.Practices by non-financial presidencyGood practices implemented by construction organizations in strategic partnerships alliances and familiarity management was identified and developed recommendations for improvements to gain competitive advantage in the construction industry.TQM not suitable for financial services environmentTQM is not really suitable for any service organisations but it really helps the service organisations to focus on the participation of senior management team, involvement of all employees and managing internal process towards achieving customer satisfaction.Long Term client family relationshipIn global financial services environment business schema is building on long-term client relationships. Over 90 per centum of the work is repeated business from loyal clients. This strategy yields woo advantages, profits, and growth, allowing them to pull back and retain investors and thus fuel further growth.Quality GurusThere are a number of writers whose work dominates the quality movement. Their ideas and approaches set about believe stood the test of time and start out come to from a body of accepted know leadge, to lead and appreciate their own movement in quality.They have become known as gurusCrosby Philip B.Deming W. EdwardsFeigenbaum Armand VIshikawa KaoruJuran Joseph MOakland john SShingo ShigeoTaguchi GenichiAll the above Gurus have presented their own work on quality management and have make a considerable impact on the world through their contributions to alter not sole(prenominal) businesses, but all organizations including state and national governments, phalanx organizations, educational institutions, healthcare organizations, and many other establishments and organizations.Global inventory planning and find out managementWhat is planning and get wind?The purpose of planning and control is to ensure that operations are working(a) effectively and the production of products and services as required. There is another purpose of planning which is to minimise misgiving and risk and a clear view of future forecasting.Financial planning and controlIt is a well known fact that a productive business helps organisations to generate enough cash in order to trade costs and make some profit.The difference between sales and cost is profit. The businesses are not always expected to be profitable from the very first day but there should be an expected plan for them to become profitable.There should be proper financial controls for all the businesses. The records should be accurate and complete and should fulfil the legal requirements. The tight financial control always helps the financial organisations or any organisation to monitor their flow situation and always predict the future environment.The information deri ved from financial educational activity analysis behind be used to establish future in operation(p) coatings (financial planning) and to determine how to meet established goals (financial control).Developing pro forma financial statements is an all important(p) part of the planning and control processes.Inventory planning and control in financial services environmentInventory planning and control in financial services environment is the method of organising the difference between petition and supply of financial products and services.Inventory control is not a elfin matter from a financial perspective way. Inventory is really important and major current asset for any business including financial services organisations.As a result, there are always policies of businesses to keep the inventory as low as possible because too much cash hold up in inventory. The objective of reducing the inventory git be accomplished with modern inventory management processes that are working eff ectively.Global smorgasbord management strategies in financial environmentIn todays world of economic and technological development, the organisations have changed significantly. The change had only been possible through restructuring, technological improvement and merging with other businesses.The most important repugn for the organisations is to implement such change to achieve the behavioural and cultural change that is most likely required to achieve the planned benefits.Behavioural change does not just happen in the organisation. diversity will only occur if there is leadership, clear goals and planned benefits for its stakeholders. All of these should be the right way communicated in a timely manner.Strategy for ChangeThree important principles to manage change areChange management is not the goal in itselfFor an organisation to be successful, change management plays an important role. Change management is all about managing the process effectively and leads to an environ ment where an improvement in performance are realised.The change targets must play an mobile role in realising the changeChange in projects will identify and successfully communicate the image, therefore letting the employees know that the planned benefits have changed and play an active role in realising those planned benefits.Employees are the superior asset for any organisationEmployees are potentially the greatest gainsay for any organisation. The image or goal of any purpose can only become reality if the employees believe in the project and have the desire to achieve it.Financial services environmentIn the last decade, financial services sector has undergone major changes. The financial sector is a rewarding field in which there is every chance to make or improve a career, particularly if staff is loyal, hard working and have given the correct back up support. It cannot be ignore that the current process of globalization and market deregulation has often led to restructuri ng within organisations. If these major changes have been mis-handled, then it would bring job jeopardy and resulting increased pressure on work forces, which in turn can lead to higher work related stress, and a possible lose of commitment and motivation.Change requirement in current financial environmentCapital, currently, is grossly over taxd. Company objectives are all about maximizing value for shareholders, the providers of capital. This can lead to companies adopting strategies that do not necessarily benefit stakeholders such as customers and staff. The same emphasis on capital, and shareholder value, breeds an unhealthy focus on short-term results. Shareholders of stock listed companies want better results every quarter, leadership management to take decisions that are not necessarily in the longterm interests of the corporation and its stakeholders. This needs to change.

Properties of Topological Insulating Material: Bi2Te3-PANI

Properties of Topological Insulating Material Bi2Te3-PANISynthesis, depiction and galvanizing properties of a complicated of Topological Insulating Material Bi2Te3-PANIR. R. Urkudea*, P. T. Patilb, S. B. Kondawarb, U. A. PalikundwaraaX-ray Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, IndiabPolymer Nanotech Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, IndiaAbstractIn the stupefy work, we carried out a systematic landing field of structure, UV-Vis Spectra and come conduction of stark(a) Bi2Te3, beautiful Polyaniline (PANI) and Bi2Te3 (5%)-PANI (95%) intricate. Bi2Te3 was synthesized by a order exchangeable to solvothermal method, whereas, sensitive PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite were synthesized by a chemical substance oxidative method. The materials were structur everyy characterised and the galvanizing properties were investigated in the temperature ran ge from mode temperature to 100C. The galvanizing conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite is downstairscoat to be higher(prenominal) than that of its pure constituents at all the temperatures. The enhancement in the surface conductivity may be repayable to the PANI founderd ordered molecular agreement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite, as confirmed from disintegrate x-ray diffraction, UVvis unearthly analysis. 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer-review under responsibility of the International congregation on Nanomaterials and Technologies (CNT 2014).Keywords Topological insulators Bismuth telluride thermoelectric material Polyaniline composites electrical conductivity.1. IntroductionTopological insulators (TIs) ar electronic materials that have a protrude band gap want an ordinary insulator but have protected conducting states on their bank or surface (Hasan and Kane, 2010). Most of the current researches be foc apply on the materials, like Bism uth telluride (Bi2Te3), Antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) and Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) due to the topological insulating properties exhibited by them. Bi2Te3 is hotshot of the best TI materials. It is a semiconducting compound with narrow bulk band gap of 0.2 eV. It is also a ethical material for thermoelectric applications (Das and Soundararajan, 1988). It has shown a drastic change in its thermoelectric properties when it is doped with Polyaniline (PANI) (Li et al., 2011). It has also given added advantages of polymers like inexpensiveness, intrinsically low thermal conductivity, flexibility and good processability etc. (Marjanovic et al., 2013).Various research workers have attempted to synthesize and characterize composites of Bi2Te3 with polyaniline (Zhao et al., 2002 Xu et al., 2005 Hostler et al., 2006 Chatterjee et al., 2009 Toshima et al., 2011). Very recently, mechanical blending method was employed by Li et al. (2011) for the synthesis of Bi2Te3PANI they found that the mig htiness factor of the composite is slight than both of the individual components. However, a report on the synthesis of a Bi2Te3 and PANI hybrid by physical mixing and solution mixing showed a higher power factor in the case of the physical potpourri (Toshima et al., 2011). Though there is a vast literature available on the TE properties of Bi2Te3-PANI composites, experimental reports on TI Properties of the composites are not available. establish on this background, in the present work, we carried out a systematic study of structure, UV-Vis Spectra and surface conductivity of Bi2Te3 (5%)-PANI (95%) composite, pure Bi2Te3 and pure PANI. Bi2Te3 was synthesized by a method similar to solvothermal method (Deng et al., 2002), whereas, pure PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite were synthesized by a chemical oxidative method (Stejskal and Gilbert, 2002). The materials were structurally characterized and the electrical properties were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 100C. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite is found to be higher than that of its pure constituents at all the temperatures. The enhancement in the surface conductivity may be due to the construction of highly ordered grasp structures of PANI on Bi2Te3, as confirmed from pulverise x-ray diffraction (XRD), UVvis spectral analysis.2. Experimental details2.1 Materials usedBismuth chloride (BiCl3), Tellurium (Te) metal powder, chiliad hydroxide (KOH), Sodium borohydrate (NaBH4), N-N dimethylformamide (DMF), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Aniline (C6H5NH2), Acetone (CH3)2.CO, Methanol (CH3OH) were purchased from Merck Chemicals. ammonium ion persulphate (NH4)2S2O8 was purchased from Hi-media. All the chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and are used without further purification, pull up aniline which was purified prior to use.2.2 Preparation of Bi2Te3A mixture of BiCl3 (10 mmol), Te powder (15 mmol), KOH (80 mmol) and NaBH4 (30 mmol) were put into a beaker of 100 ml capacity. The beaker was then filled with N-N dimethylformamide (DMF) up to 90 ml and was kept into a muffle furnace. Temperature of the furnace was maintained at 100-180C for 24 hours and was then slowly cooled to the room temperature. The product was filtered, wash with double distilled water and dried in vacuum oven at 80C for 12 hours.2.3 Preparation of pure PANI and Bi2Te3 PANI CompositePANI was synthesized by exploitation chemical oxidative method (Stejskal and Gilbert, 2002) 0.2 mol Aniline with 0.25 mol ammonium persulphate was oxidized in acidic aqueous medium. Aniline and Ammonium persulphate were dissolved, separately, in 50 ml solution of 1.0 mol HCl in double distilled water. twain the solutions were kept at room temperature for 1h and were mixed together in a beaker. Du large number the process, the colour of the solution changed from colour little to light blue and then to minatory green. The solution was briefly stirred and was left to polymerize for 24 h. The devolve of PANI was collected on a filter paper, washed with distilled water, then with 20 ml of 0.1M HCl and with Methanol. PANI (emeraldine salt) powder was dried in vacuum oven at 80C. A similar procedure was followed for the synthesis of Bi2Te3-PANI composite, but this time Bi2Te3 was introduced in aniline solution.3. Characterization3.1 Structural paintingThe samples were structurally characterized by XRD and UVvis spectral analyses. XRD measurements were performed using a Diffractometer (Rigaku Miniflex II x-ray Diffractometer) with Cu K radiation ( = 1.541838 A). The UVvis spectra of the prepared samples were recorded by a spectrophotometer (UV-1800 Shimatzu Spectrophotometer) using samples dissolved in dimethyl formamide in a quartz cuvette.3.2 galvanising characterizationAll the prepared samples were pressed at pressure less than 5 tonnes, at room temperature, to form the compacted pellets for measurement of the electrical conductivity. The measurements were carried out, in the temperature range 20-100 C, by standard four-probe method with constant current cite kept at 2 mA.4. Results and Discussions4.1 Powder X-ray diffractionFigure 1 shows the XRD purposes of Bi2Te3, pure PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite. All the notes of the pattern for Bi2Te3 can be indexed in trigonal structure (JCPDS No 015-0863) with unit cell parameters a = 4.358A b = 4.358A and c = 30.48A. Broad peaks at 22 and 25 for pure PANI are observed, which are due to the adopt unit of monomer. Compared with the pure PANI, only one peak is clearly observed at 25, the same position, in the XRD pattern of Bi2Te3-PANI composite. The observation of a single peak is related to the monodistribution of the periodicity of the repeat unit of the PANI and ordering of the molecular arrangement of the Bi2Te3 in the PANI matrix (Talwar et al., 2014). This suggests that PANI generate an ordered molecular arrangement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite.Figure 1 XRD patterns of unmingle d PANI, Pure Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te3-PANI composite4.2 UV-vis spectroscopyFigure 2 shows the UVvis spectra of the samples used to explore the electronic states of Bi2Te3, pure PANI and the Bi2Te3-PANI composite. A characteristic band centred at 697 nm, a shoulder at 478 nm, corresponding to a polaronic transition (polaron- *) and a band around at 389 nm, assigned to the * electron orbital transition are observed in Bi2Te3-PANI composite. In comparison with UVvis spectra of the pure PANI a band around 385 nm, assigned to the * electron orbital transition, shifts to prolonged wavelength at 389 nm in Bi2Te3-PANI composite. The polaronic transition (polaron- *) is absent in the pure PANI but is observed in Bi2Te3-PANI composite. These show an interaction between the quinoid ring of PANI and Bi2Te3 (Xia and Wang, 2003). This is a signature of an ordered molecular arrangement in Bi2Te3-PANI composite and it is the purely surface conducting state.Figure 2 UV-vis spectra of Pure PANI, Bi2Te3 an d Bi2Te3-PANI composite4.3 Electrical characterizationFigure 3 Variation of the electrical conductivity with temperature of Bi2Te3, PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite.The variations of electrical conductivity as a function of temperature of the prepared samples are shown in figure 3. The value of electrical conductivity for Bi2Te3 slightly decreases with the cast up in the temperature. However, both PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite show increase in the value of electrical conductivity with temperature. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite is higher than that of its pure constituents everyplace a whole temperature range. The enhancement in the surface conductivity indicates the increase in protected states at the surface compared to that of the pure Bi2Te3. This may be due to the large surface provided to the Bi2Te3 by the PANI generated ordered molecular arrangement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite.5. ConclusionsIn conclusion, we carried out a systematic study of structure, UV-Vis Spectra and surface conductivity of Bi2Te3 (5%)-PANI (95%) composite, pure Bi2Te3 and pure PANI. Bi2Te3 was synthesized by a method similar to solvothermal method, whereas, pure PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite were synthesized by a chemical oxidative method. The materials were structurally characterized and the electrical properties were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 100C. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite was found to be higher than that of its pure constituents at all the temperatures. The enhancement in the surface conductivity may be due to the PANI generated ordered molecular arrangement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite, as confirmed from powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), UVvis spectral analysis.AcknowledgementsIt is a pleasure to thank Dr. S. B. Kondawar for implemental discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India, under women scientist scheme-A (WO S-A), File No. SR/WOS-A/PM-1001/2014.ReferencesChatterjee K., Suresh A., Ganguly S., Kargupta K., Banerjee D., 2009. Bismuth nitrate doped polyaniline Characterization and properties for thermoelectric application. Mater. Charact. 60, 597601.Das Damodara V., Soundararajan N., 1988. Size and temperature effects on the thermoelectric power and electrical resistivity of bismuth telluride thin films, Phys. Rev. B 37, 4552-9.Deng Yuan, Xi-song Zhou, Guo-dan Wei, Jing Liu, Ce-Wen Nan, Shu-jing Zhao 2002. Solvothermal preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline Bi2Te3 powder with different morphology, J. of Phy. and chem. of Solids. 63, 2119-2121.Hasan, M., Z., Kane, C., L., 2010. Colloquium Topological insulators, Reviews of modern physics 82, 3045-23.Hostler S., R., Kaul P., Day K., Qu V., Cullen C., Abramson A., R., 2006. thermal and electrical characterization of nanocomposites for thermoelectric, IEEE ITHERM 07803295, 24, 14005.Li Y., Zhao Q., Wang Y., Bi K., 2011. Synthesis and characterization of Bi2Te3/Polyaniline composites, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Proc. 14, 219-222.Marjanovic, G., C., 2013. new-fangled advances in polyaniline composites with metals, metalloids and nonmetals, Synthetic Metals 170, 31-56Stejskal J., Gilbert R.., G., 2002. Polyaniline Preparation of a Conducting Polymer, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 857-867.Talwar V., Singh O., Singh R., C., 2014. ZnO aided polyaniline nanofibers and its application as ammonia gas sensor, Sensors and Actuators B 191, 276-282.Toshima N., Imai M., Ichikawa S., 2011. Organicinorganic Nanohybrids as Novel Thermoelectric Materials Hybrids of Polyaniline and Bismuth (III) Telluride Nano elements, J. Electron. Mater. 40, 898902.Xia H., Wang Q., 2003. Preparation of Conductive Polyaniline/ Nanosilica particle composites through Ultrasonic Trradiation, J. Appl. Polym. Sci 87, 1811-7.Xu X., Chen L., Wang C., Yao Q., Feng C., J., 2005. Template synthesis of heterostructured polyaniline/Bi2Te3 nanowires, Solid carry Ch em. 178, 2163-6.Zhao X., B., Hu S., H., Zhao M., J., Zhu T., J., 2002. Thermoelectric properties of Bi0.5Sb1.5 Te3/Polyaniline hybrids prepared by Mechanical blending, Mater. Lett. 52, 1479.** Corresponding author. Tel. +91 9921491567 autotype +0-000-000-0000 .E-mail reference book emailprotected Corresponding author. Tel. +91 9890155077 fax +0-000-000-0000 .E-mail address emailprotectedS1Elsevier to update with volume and page numbers.

The Drawbacks of Standardized Testing Essay -- High-Stakes Standardized

.Ameri push aside schools administer more than one hundred million tests per course of instruction (Facts 125). like tests argon used frequently across the country in many schools to evaluate students on certain subjects. Usually, students are hammered with test prep by their teachers, as easy as latent hostilityed to bunco everything on time. Teachers worry round teaching to the test so they can have successful students as well not worry about bad test scores jeoprodizing their jobs. But the fact of the matter is that a lot more than studying can go into testing. From scoring/ piece of writing errors, to improper handling, the mistakes that can happen in standardized testing are wide. This isnt a comfortably thing when future categoryes as well as scholarship eligibility is determined by these tests. But, from causing student stress to scoring errors, standardized tests are causing people to rethink their signification to education. And what many parents and students are f inding out, is that these tests are not as good as everyone once thought.As most people may assume, the preparedness for standardized tests is long and time consuming, for both the teacher and the student. For the students, they must be constantly making sure they are on task for their modal(prenominal) schoolwork for the subject, as well as studying outside of class extra time. In some cases, students may have to give up activities they normally love to do (like sports, for example) to study hard for these tests that can prescribe their future. This isnt good for students either, even though they are trying to remediate their grades. Since most colleges look for a well-rounded student, a people who desert an activity to focus on a test leave alone be losing the well-rounded advantage on a college application. The student... ...e time to do what they enjoy. This will lead to more successful schools and students.Works CitedFacts About Standardized Testing. Standardized Testing . Ed. Cynthia A. Bily. Detroit Greenhaven, 2011. 125-128. Print.Landau, Elizabeth. Standardized Tests Are Overemphasized In College Admissions. Standardized Testing. Ed. Cynthia A. Bily. Detroit Greenhaven, 2011. 93-98. Print. Layton, Lyndsey. As High-Stakes Tests Spread, Some Students pin the Pencil. Washington Post. 15 Apr. 2013 A.12. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 04 Feb. 2014. Strauss, Valerie. Massachusetts Professors Protest High-Stakes Standardized Tests. Washington Post. 22 Feb. 2013 n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 04 Feb. 2014 Vogell, Heather. Scoring Errors Jeopardize Tests. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 22 Sep. 2013 A.1. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 04 Feb. 2014.

How is Sprawl Related to Landscape Change in Cities? Essay -- Urbaniza

How is Sprawl Related to Landscape Change in Cities? everywhere the past 20 years the 100 largest US urbanized areas acquire sprawlinged an additional 14,545 square miles according to the US Bureau of Census on Urbanized Areas. That was more than 9 million acres of natural habitats, tillage and other countrified space that were covered over by asphalt, buildings and house of suburbia. A major controversy in the efforts to halt the rural acres loss is whether arrive-use and consumption decisions are the primary engines of urban sprawl, or whether it is the tribes growing population boom that is providing the driving expansion. A bully example of this rapid sprawl is the urban center of Chicago. It has had astonishing growth in the past years bringing about many new issues such as traffic congestion, surging ho utilize markets, air pollution, loss of rural land and overcrowded schools. Through the redevelopment of existing cities like Chicago using methods like smart planni ng we can create livable areas, toy the needs of citizens and thus reduce the need for sprawl at the outermost edge of existing cities. The main issues that will be covered are housing and human and social implications. The first issue is to define what sprawl is. There are many definitions of sprawl but the central office of most definitions seems to be this Sprawl is the spreading out of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural land at the periphery of an urban area. This involves the conversion of open space (rural land) into built up, developed land over time. Organizations whose chief concerns involve urban planning goals may operate to emphasize qualitative attributes of sprawl, such as attractiveness, pedestrian-friendliness and compactness. But those who are ... ...y on the Sierra club come inhttp//www.crp.cornell.edu/faculty/pendall.htm taken from the Sierra Club site in the 1998 Chicago report. National Trust for Historic Preservation http//www.nat ionaltrust.org/ deliberateness Sprawl Factors in large US Cities, http//www.sprawlcity.org/studyUSA/USAexecutivesummary.pdf Chicago Metro encase Study, http//www.sprawlcity.org/studyUSA/USAexecutivesummary.pdf Brownfield clause, www.pollutionengineering.com/arcives/ Environmental Law and Policy Center, http//www.elpc.org/trans/visions/visions.htm William Cronon, Natures Metropolis, Copyright 1991, W.W. Norton and Company Inc., NY, NY. Planned Manufacturing article www.ncbg.org/tifhandbook/pmd.pdf Tax Increment Financing articles www.ci.chi.il.us/PlanAndDevelop/Programs/TaxIncrementFinancing.html www.ci.chi.il.us/PlanAndDevelop/Programs/TIF/Report.pdf

Rigidity of Puritanism Exposed in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Rigidity of Puritanism Exposed in raw Goodman Brown Proverbs 1028 implies the idea of the universality of sin in saying The prospect of the righteous is joy, but the hopes of the wicked come to nothing. In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates this through Browns actions. When Brown lives a righteous breeding with good religion, his thoughts remain pure and happy. He has a wonderful wife, and he enjoys the presence of everyone. As he takes his walk into the forest and into evil ways, his hopes and faith disappear. He no longer loves his wife in the same way, and he despises everyone whom people consider were holy. When he loses his faith, he loses his happiness. To regain his happiness, Brown must find his righteousness again. Puritans believe there is no hope for a sinner. Hawthorne uses a variety of writing techniques to condemn the rigidity of Puritanism. For example, Hawthorne uses a across-the-board variety of diction to create a mystical and hopel ess mood. As Brown walks into the dreary forest, an uncertain feeling comes over him as he looks ahead to the gloom awaiting him. The forest is very dark and dreary and these spoken communication help create the eerie mood. These words create an insecure and unsettled feeling in the readers mind. The reader feels as if he stands right there on the outskirts of the forest along with Brown. That type of feeling scares even the bravest of men. Hawthorne similarly describes the events taking place in the forest as devilish, horrid, and evil. Evil all surrounds Brown in the forest. It puts a thought in him which drives him crazy. These words prevail a v... ...ands before him with the guilt of sin. He can never commend these people in the same way in which he wants to. His views on the righteousness of humanity change from good to bad. Hence, Brown loses his comradery with his neighbors, and he dies a lonely death with no hopeful verse on his tombstone. Works Cited Be noit, Raymond. Young Goodman Brown The Second Time Around. The Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 19 (Spring 1993) 18-21. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Complete footling Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York Doubleday and Co., Inc.,1959. James, Henry. Hawthorne. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press, 1997. Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne - The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.

The Life and Political Achievements of Sir Wilfrid Laurier of Canada :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Life and Political Achievements of Sir Wilfrid Laurier of Canada Laurier gained great achievement over his policy-making years because herepresented Canada as a whole. His family first came to Canada dating backto the time of New France and the early Montreal years. Lauriers father, a government surveyor and a genial, settled down inCanada and got married to Marcelle Martineau. Wildfrid was their firstchild who was innate(p) on November 20, 1841. Seven years later a tragedy strikethe Laurier family when Wildfrids mother died. Since his mother died when Wildfrid was only seven, his father wantedto give him the trounce education possible. His father knew if he were tosucceed in Canada he would get to to learn the english style and ways.When Wilfrid was ten years old he got sent to an Anglo-Protestant familywho were Scottish immigrants. Here he learned the english language and theProtestant faith. Later on in his life he recalled how I fought with theScotch boys and made schoolboy love to the Scotch girls, with more successin the latter than in the former. Remembering the past Laurier wouldcarefully develop the political sympathies of reconciliation rather than conflict. In the year 1854 the young lad went to college, De Lassomption. Inhis studies he took subjects such as Latin, Latin clubics, pre-revolutionary French literature, Greek, side and some philosophy. Theeducation which Laurier got from this school was to prepare him forpriesthood but he fixed to study rectitude in Montreal at McGill University. At the University Laurier was very leaden working and serious to try toaccomplish his first major intent which was to become a lawyer. In 1864Laurier had graduated at the top of his class and was chosen to give thevaledictory address. Some of the things he said in his address were how alawyer bore heavy responsibilities. A lawyer had to maintain liberty andjustice a lawyer had to defend the individual, in particular th e weak frombold to strong, and that sometimes included the state and church.Differences of language, religion or history paled in comparison tolawyers obligation to seek justice and freedom. Laurier started his law career in a small law firm in Montreal but dueto bad health he moved to a small town in Quebec called Victoriaville wherehe carried out practising law and became affect with the newspaper in

Essay --

Hadirin yang dihormati sekalian,Adakah anda masih ingat kepada pesan ibu dan bapa yang selalu mengingatkan bahawa rajinlah belajar agar-agar jalan kehidupan tersedia luas terbentang untukmu? Ingatkah kita kepada kata-kata Plato dan Confucius berbunyi tuntutlah ilmu hingga ke negeri China. Mengapa hadirin, sejak dari zaman dahulu hingga ke hari ini dan di setiap pelosok dunia sama ada di Eropah, Afrika mahupun Asia, pandangan terhadap pendidikan ialah sama iaitu pendidikan merupakan asas perkembangan umat manusia.Tetapi mengapa pendidikan menjadi begitu penting kepada kita? Hadirin yang saya muliakan sekalian, pendidikan dapat melatih minda manusia untuk berfikir dengan lebih luas dan rasional. Melalui pendidikan, pengetahuan maklumat dapat diluaskan dan digunakan untuk kebaikan bersama. Sebagaimana yang diungkapkan Daoed Joesoef (1986) tentang pentingnya suatu pendidikan yang mana beliau menyatakan bahawa Pendidikan merupakan segala bidang penghidupan, dalam memilih dan membina hidu p yang baik, yang sesuai dengan martabat manusia dan sudah tentulah daripada pernyataan tersebut kita dapat menyimpulkan bahawa mempunyai pendidikan pada masa sekarang merupakan hal yang sangat penting kerana jika kita tidak mempunyai pendidikan kita tidak akan kemana-mana. Tanpa pendidikan dan tanpa kemahiran membaca, capaian pelbagai akses terhadap pelbagai bentuk pengetahuan seperti buku, internet atau media lainnya sama sekali tidak memungkinkan kita untuk melangkah maju ke hadapan. Pendidikan merupakan tunjang utama kepada pembentukan modal insan yang akan membantu kepada pembangunan negara. Pendidikan mempunyai impak yang besar ke atas pelbagai peluang kehidupan manusia agar masa depan seseorang tersebut terjamin dan kualiti kehidupannya terpelih... .... Kesimpulannya, corak pendidikan yang diaplikasikan di Malaysia adalah lebih menyeluruh kerana ia merangkumi aspek fizikal dan rohani. Pendidikan di Malaysia bukan sahaja ingin membentuk pelajarnya yang aktif dan cemerlang dal am kurikulum dan kokurikulum malah ia juga memberi fokus kepada kelengkapan rohani dan moral agar pelajar yang dilahirkan sempurna dari segala segi.Maka dengan itu hadirin, saya sekali lagi menegaskan, pendidikan ini bukan sahaja penting untuk mengembangkan minda dan bakat manusia, malah ia juga penting untuk memacu legasi pembangunan negara. Ini adalah kerana pendidikan merupakan nadi kepada pencetus kegemilangan dan martabat sesebuah negara tersebut. Oleh itu, penting sekali untuk kita sebagai rakyat Malaysia dalam melancarkan aspirasi negara iaitu mencapai kecemerlangan dalam pendidikan untuk menaikkan nama negara di persada antarabangsa.