A Separate Peace :: essays research papers

The Mind Murders the BodyAdolescent familiaritys are of the most(prenominal) complex companionships due to the suppressed contacts of contempt one child whitethorn feel toward another. The deterioration of the complex friendship of agent and Phineas is brought about in John Knowles A Separate Peace by the combination of their admire and denial. Finny and constituent begin their summer of 1942 with the illusion of a great companionship. factors paranoia and envy disrupt the relationship between him and Finny. As their friendship disintegrates, Finny and factor deny that the problems in their alliance even exist, which in second leads to a tragic catastrophe.Gene and Finny initiate their summer of 1942 with the false erudition that their friendship is flawless. At the beginning of the story, Gene seems to accept Finnys ranking(a) athletic baron, but he resents what he feels was Finny flaunting his abilities. Finny demonstrates his superior agility to Gene when he grabs Gen es hand, lending him support when he recurs his sense of balance during one of their routine jumps from a towering tree. Gene feels that he should not feel any rush of gratitude toward Phineas, because he does not like feeling clumsier than Finny. Instead, he blames his presence in the tree on Phineas. Finny also has the berth of being the leader in their friendship. They sustain the balance of the friendship when Phineas thinks of something to do, and Gene supports him. The problem with this is that Gene only trails Finny so that he would not lose face with him. Gene never speaks up when he has a problem, hereby damaging their lines of communication. Another principal factor that dissolves the bond between them is Genes jealousy. Gene is envious of Finnys athletic and social power. Finny has the ability to talk his way out of any tough situation if he proves to manipulate someone, that person might show a flow of unsubdivided unregulated friendliness. Gene sees how everyone l oves Phineas, and that makes him feel unworthy.As Genes envy and paranoia take over him, he is drawn farther from the truth that lies in spite of appearance his brotherhood with Phineas. When Gene realizes that his only advantage over Finny is his mind, he begins competing with Finny. His paranoia leads him to debate that Phineas has deliberately set out to wreck his studies. Finnys only accusatory is to have fun with his best friend, however Gene sees it as Phineas attempt to keep him from studying for his examinations.

Child Abuse for Human Sexuality Class Essay

This was a very sad documentary. Its sad that a child ever goes with nighthing like that. Its sad that because of hollo from someone else, they bump they need to abuse others. Its sad that they adoptt know how to love or let others love them. I wish that things were different in this world.I know it happens a cluster though. Ive seen and heard about several(prenominal) cases like this and even met some of the children because my aunt worked for Head Start (they work with CPS), and because a couple of my ex-boyfriends were in situations like this. One of their adopted parents was a foster parent to several children who came from ignominious parents. Also I live three houses down from a family with quite a few foster children. Ive also had a few friends that were abused when they were little and then adopted. One of these friends had to go through a lot of therapy and counseling for some of the emotional scaring. This helped, only if would neer make him forget what had happene d to him. He was not a very rely or loving person toward anyone, and could be very aggressive and shameful if provoked even by the smallest thing.Self-esteem is one of the most all important(p) things a child can have and get from their caregivers, and it is also a very hard thing to change from ostracise to positive. When parents are abusive the child almost definitely will have a negative self-esteem. This causes life long problems for any child.This world is a scary countersink and to think that some children are born into families where they cant feel safe makes it a sad place too. I wish things were different, but since they arent we just have to hope that we can help as many people as possible and get children out of these situations as soon as possible.

Judaism Reflection Paper

thither atomic number 18 many an early(a)(prenominal) different ways of practicing Judaism that be amongst us today, and many different types of people that practice them. The aspects that I find to be noteworthy and interesting in Judaism atomic number 18 Hanukkah, a Bar Mitzvah, and The Kashrut. There are many more aspects of Judaism that amuse me, and there are many that I might question if I thought about converting however, these are the aspects that I believe to be some of the most widely known traditions throughout the world. My favorite get around of Judaism that I would have no problem pampering in would have to be a young mans Bar Mitzvah.A Bar Mitzvah is a rite of passage for a 13 year old boy to become a man. wherefore is this something to look forward to? Because for a young boys Bar Mitzvah the boy usually gets a large amount of money. Now this money doesnt come in ones and fives however, it is known to come in six to 7 figures all together. This may be frowne d upon if you have an older sister however, she leave behind get a little bit of reward once she becomes a woman. Another part of Judaism that really fascinated me had to have been the Laws of Kashrut.Also point Martial Law Reflection Paper some commonly known for not universe able to mix dairy with meat, but there are other ways to make food Kosher as well. Such as pork and shellfish, these are forbidden foods in the Judaism community. Along with those, all declension must be drained before cooking and eating, for blood is sanctified to God. It is amazing that even some even keep separate fridges, sinks, tables, and utensils to forefend the mixing of their meat and dairy products. Even though these ways of animation may seem strict and harsh, not all Jews practice them. intimately American Jews actually perform The Kashrut in small ways.For example, they may demoralise pre-maid kosher food to substitute for going full on Kosher. Most major brands even put marking on their products to let us know if the item is kosher or not. The last major part of Judaism that caught my eye had to be the practice of Holy Days in Judaism. Jewish people practice many holy years such as Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Hanukkah, Purim, and Pesach (Passover). The most widely recognized holy days in Judaism are Hanukkah and Pesach. Hanukkah has to be the one that amuses me the most due to the fact that it s an cardinal night event. Hanukkah is a spread over eight-day event made to punctuate the rededication of theHoly Temple in Jerusalem. An added tradition is that over the eight days of Hanukkah the children get a gift each night of the holiday. Although there are many important and fascinating aspects of Judaism that I left out, and many that I may not agree with. I still find Judaism to be a very interesting religion, and will have to put it on my bucket list to go a Jewish Temple in the future. As they say in Hebrew Leheim

Donnie Darko †English assignment Essay

Donnie Darko is a assume by Richard Kelly from 2001, with Jake Gyllenhaal in the main lead. The bring is supposed to look like its from 1988. The film is nearlywhat a schizophrenic teen that lives in the American suburb of Middlesex. When an unidentified elephantine plane engine crashes into his room, a chain of mysterious events is triggered. Donnie is plagued by visions of an evil-looking rabbit named blunt. Who makes Donnie commit acts of violence, and tells him the world will end in 28 days. Frank is the boyfriend of Donnies sister Elizabeth. The Frank who speaks to Donnie is a kind of tad Frank a remnant of Frank, because Donnie shoots him in the eye within the burn Universes 28 days and can move freely in time throughout the Tangent Universe.Comp atomic number 18 Donnie to one or two of the characters in the short stories we have read about the musical theme In all the readings we have done in the other texts from Context, the slip have been growing up. each the o ther readings have been about different children growing up in different environments, though nigh(prenominal) of them havent got any psychological problems. I dont think that any of the characters from all the other readings we have done, that in that respect are any personalities like Donnies. Donnie is pineing from schizophrenic. People with schizophrenia often suffer terrifying symptoms much(prenominal) as hearing internal voices not comprehend by others, or count onn things not seen by others. That is why Donnie often is perceive a therapist and why he is on medication. Though there is The Sin Bin or Lucys Heart reading where Lucy is been told to do mean things to a girl named Penny by Bethan.Which she regrets such as Donnie also does. Just like Donnie is been told to overflow the school. But I dont think any of our readings can be compared to this movie. All the readings we have read takes subject in bulling, a hard dash to grow up and so on. There is no greater gis t in texts. In Donnie Darko there is a meaning with all(prenominal)thing he does and with every thing there take place in the film. Frank makes Donnie torrent the school, giving the lucky students a break from classes. And so he walks Gretchen phratry and convince her to go with him, and says he is happy the school flood, or else he hadnt had that conversation with her. So I believe Frank make Donnie do it, so he could meet Gretchen.How can the biz of the film be explained? Can it be explained in more ways? The plot can definitely be interpreted in some(prenominal) ways. I also think many people doesnt get it, in the way its supposed to be interpreted. Or maybe its actually supposed to be in a way, which can be discussed over a longer time and interpreted in many ways. Ive myself used a lot of time discussing this movie. I would preferably do some short except very interesting sites of some of the main characters, and what I think is the deeper meaning of some of the charac ters.I see Donnie as Jesus he died to save mankind just as Donnie did. Frank I see as Satan, deceived Donnie for his own benefit. Roberta Sparrow as God. I feel like she is the facilitator of all this. She once was a nun, she wrote the book on time travel and she knows Donnies letter is coming. past there is the Chinese girl Cherita, whom you dont see of follow that much, but I cant stop idea that she is Donnies defender Angel? She always seems to be behind Donnie watching over him, and she has a notebook about him. I dont know if that is a right observation, but I cant stop thinking that way and I am not even religious.Comment on the ending of the film how can it be interpreted? Donnie is having a Halloween party, where Gretchen is with him. Donnie goes to the fridge where a note is saying, Frank left to go get beer. Then Donnie takes Gretchen to go see Roberta Sparrow, Grandma Dead, because times almost op. Two thugs and so attack Donnie and Gretchen, which are two guys f rom their school. One throws Gretchen onto the ground the other holds a knife to Donnies neck. Roberta is standing in the middle of the road and a car tries to avoid her but then hits Gretchen and kills her. The driver is Frank this is the tangible Frank Donnies sisters boyfriend. Donnie gets scared and frightened and shoots him in the eye.With Gretchens body at his side, Donnie watches a storm begin. Donnie then remembers what Gretchen express about taking back all the bad things and replacing them with something good. Donnie then goes back in time trough the wormhole and changes the future with him staying in bed. With him staying in bed and the crashing hits their house Donnie gets killed. Gretchen lives on, without ever knowing Donnie. I think Gretchen feels some kind of dj vu when she sees travel. Gretchen actually doesnt know roseate yet, but she did before Donnie went back in time. You get the feeling that Rose and Gretchen seem to recognise each other by _way they look at each other.

Implications of Pure Food Act in Bangladesh

University of capital of Bangladesh energy of Business Studies De softenment of Marketing IMPLICATIONS OF gauzy solid nutrition ACT IN BANGLADESH Submitted to Shehely Parvin Assistant prof Submitted by NADEEM NAFIS 4119044 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 2 admixture runs rampant in the re man. Dangers lurk in ein truth nutrient items. From vegetables, fish, take out, fruit, sweet totals, shabu slash, to spices, nonhing is safe. Packaged and bottled drinks, devil topical anestheticly weed and imported, with harmful ingredients and chemicals ar macrocosm exchange in the market. M severally(prenominal) of the dry intellectual nourishment items addressable in the market be being produced in bewildering unhygienic locations.Oblivious of the dangers lurking in the prevalent nourishment items, pargonnts now communicate their kidren to eat nutriments that chequer vitamins, iron and calcium. though there is a law besides still no resolution or it is ineffective. Howe ver in doing this sketch I feel mint to awargon myself and eventu all in ally it go forth give me knowledge to run into aw be diametrics people around me. I would like to give a regretful thanks to Shehely Parvin, Assistant professor of Department of Marketing, University of Dhaka and course instructor of MKT-510- Business Environment. This course made me to undertake the indebtedness of preparing a assure on Implications of comminuted provender ope proportionalityn in Bangladesh.This ca-ca got back is inevitable as a part of fulfilling the objectives of a project course (MKT-510) Nadeem Nafis 41119044 MKT-510 executive railor SUMMARY nutrient adulteration in the country has assumed dis whitethorn proportions. adroits in medical interrogative checkup biology point out that consumption of de base nourishment mints people with kidney dysfunction, diabetes and cardiac troubles. They further point out that s manual laborer of the important reasons for in fertility is the presence of resi cods of pesticides, result horm unmatchables, heavy metals and mycotoxins in our fodder. The main(prenominal) reason for this is that our enhanceers atomic number 18 not halally trained in the enforce of chemical fertilisers.Absence of effluent treatment plants on one hand (ETP) and wishing of training of the farmers, the factory wastes, fertiliser and pesticide residues ar drained out at go forth into the farmlands, ultimately contaminating the farm at large. A psychoanalyse by the Institute of Public health revealed that to a greater extent than(prenominal) than 50% victuals audition distributions including water which they had tested were corrupted. agree to D. G. , BSTI the takings of contaminated drinking water has been cast up in the country. BSTI revealed that al almost 1,000 drinking water factories exist in the country, only 400 of which hit water licenses from the BSTI.Bottlers of drinking water factories hold in mushroomed with itsy-bitsy regard to compliance of stock or BSTI license. Despite BSTI stoogecelling the licenses of 139 bottling factories in the break 18 months, there has been no bran- cleans in messting up new factories in new locations. The resolving Children and aged people atomic number 18 facing constant threat of maladys even with the bottled water produced by these factories. fabric dyes argon being randomly pennyer of attention ab habit upd to colour sweetmeats like kalojam, chamcam, pantua cakes and former(prenominal)ries. urea fertiliser is utilize for whitening puffed strain.A component of factory owners, through with(predicate) use of goods and services of an separate(prenominal) low timberland fossil petroleum and mustinessard putting surfaces colour, treat to market mustard greens oil colour. Sadly, in most cases they atomic number 18 using allyl radical isothiocyanate to give off a mustard oil extra bite. 3 MKT-510 When the import of soyabean oil becomes un veritable or the price shoots up globally, the local anesthetic market manipulators resort to dishonest means. Unscrupulous millers resort to mixing soyabean oil with poor attribute palm oil or super oil. In the domain of fruits and vegetables there prevails a total anarchy. Gullible consumers ar buy fruits, locally produced or imported, from malls not realising what they atomic number 18 bargaining for.M either people in the country subscribe stopped buying fruits, in particular mangoes from the city markets afterward watching the destruction of formol and ethofen-laced mangoes and grapes by the restless(prenominal)(prenominal) taps on TV. Papya and bananas be colouredly ripened by chemicals like ethylene oxide and formalin. Experts in medical biology point out that ethylene oxide is carcinogenic and when utilize all over feed might invite a disaster. The key findings of the EPA study radical suggest that more children may develop put forwa rdcer sometime during their spirit as a result of the pesticide or deadly-laden mathematical products they consume.The test conducted by BSTI-run mobile courts on fruit samples like mango, banana, lichis and jackfruit collected from Badamtali, Amin bazaar and Karwan bazar show the presence of formalin and ethofen, which in the short term will sheath diarrhea, feed toxi squirtting and bumbletrointestinal dis suppose further in the long-term will accumulate to serious health implications. Fish is considered an immanent protein for people of all categories and ages. more fish dealers spray fish with formalin (formaldehyde gas mixed with methyl alcohol), an natural chemical, usually used for preserving tissues.It makes the fish appear stiff and newfangled for a longer period of time. veritable(a) wasting disease of much(prenominal)(prenominal) adulterated fish and vegetables might cause disregardcer. The month of Ramadan will bring more much(prenominal) woes for Muslim s because of the excessive fried items c be for a month. A section of eating house owners use refined engine oil to fry chickens, kabab, peaju and potato crisps. Engine oil used as cooking ingredient makes provender tasty, claim a section of the eating house 4 MKT-510 owners. Defying health part regulations, legion(predicate) restaurant owners and alley vendors use leftover cooking oil.This step-ups the peroxide limit of the oil, moing it toxic. The NRDC delineate goes on to charge that the authoritiess of the countries sighted argon failing to enoughly protect the youngsters from much(prenominal) dangers. addicted the fact that children be consuming toxic nourishment, they argon likely to be more vulnerable than adults. Their organs may not be as efficient in removing toxic chemicals. In Bangladesh, we admit allowed both contaminant and diet contamination to run riot. No agency some early(a) than BSTI has conducted both examination of the pesticide-residue levels or toxic chemicals in the nutriment market.With a all told inefficient monitoring system, just having tough laws is not enough to obligate unscrupulous batchrs from tampering with food items. BSTI bloodlines revealed that it conducted 1,039 mobile courts across the country in cardinal months from July last year to February this year and detected rampant malpractice and adulteration in the food payoff centres. around Tk. 23. 8 one thousand thousand were effected as fine during the drives term 1,086 cases were filed and 66 people were sent to jail. According to DG, BSTI, adulteration problem could be controlled easily if the DCC performed its job properly.The DCC is sup make up to do so instead of BSTI.. DCC relieve oneself their own magistrates while BSTI has to hire magistrates from the regularize administration. Despite the thoroughgoing(a) feed Ordinance 2005, there was hardly whatever effort to enforce it. Even when the countrys apex court issued orders aga in in 2009 for setting up food court and one food examination centre in every district, no effort was taken to accomplish it. With 50million people in the country known to be afflicted with mingled diseases by taking adulterated food, the administration has got to be scary.Given the political will, it is not very difficult to control this nefarious business by a handful of traders out to kill people slowly through poison simply for minting money. 5 MKT-510 God forbid What will happen if one of their roughly relations get affected with some deadly diseases by taking much(prenominal) adulterated food? 6 MKT-510 CONTENTS furnishing Page 9 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 23 27 29 30 30 30 7 1 1. 1 1. 2 Introduction Back dirt of the report Scope of the report 2 2. 1 2. 1. 1 2. 1. 2 2. 1. 3 2. 1. 4 2. 1. 5 2. 2 viands synthetic rubber A populace health priorityMajor issues in food golosh Microbiological adventures Chemical hazards Surveillance of food borne dieses New tec hnologies Capacity structure Importance of food safeguard 3 3. 1 3. 1. 1 3. 1. 2 3. 1. 3 3. 1. 4 food for thought rubber &038 eccentric control framework in Bangladesh Laws , regulations &038 tireds Laws &038 regulations Bangladesh pure food enactment, 2005 in detail Analysis of food Bangladesh food standards 4 4. 1 4. 1. 1 Implications of pure food act in Bangladesh Using chemicals &038 indus ravel dyes to search food fresh &038 tasty Arsenic phosphorous &038 the carbide produces acetylene gasMKT-510 4. 1. 2 4. 1. 3 4. 1. 4 4. 1. 5 4. 1. 6 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 Fish in kitchen market are stored in formaldehyde cut take out Sulphuric acid &038 industrial dyes formaldehyde Do you have formaldehyde link up symptoms? Adulterated food The drive against adulterate food notion into science laboratory analytic thinking of food 31 32 34 35 36 38 40 42 44 44 46 47 48 50 8 5 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 Implementation of food ordinance Administration &038 watchfulness Efforts by NGOs WHO/FAO s upported food galosh pro guanine in Bangladesh 6 7 Conclusion &038 Recommendations References MKT-510 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the Report 9 Food asylum legislation should be developed and updated taking into friendliness proper(postnominal) invites of consumers and food producers, development in technology, appear hazards, ever-changing consumer demands and new requirements for trade, harmonization with inter subject and regional standards, obligations under the World sell Organization (WTO) agreements, as well as social, religious and cultural habits. The effectuation of food safety legislation throughout the food chain is necessity in establishing an effective food safety system.Effective national food control systems are essential to protect the health and safety of domestic consumers. They are in like sort critical in enabling countries to assure the safety and quality of their foods entering international trade and to undertake that imported foods conform to national requirements. The new global environment for food trade places considerable obligations on both importing and tradeing countries to enduringnessen their food control systems and to employ and enforce seek- base food control strategiesThe pure Food Act 2005 is the Bangladeshi food legislations that form the backbone of the food safety programme. The objective of the pure Food Act 2005 is to ensure that the normal is protected from health hazards and duplicity in the preparation, barter and use of foods and for matters connected therewith. MKT-510 1. 2 Scope of the report there are numerous types of implications are now fadering against pure food act of Bangladesh but we are unable to depict all of these field of events. However in this report the major(ip) pull throughs are delicately depicted.Again due to time, information &038 synchronization stricture all details are not to the full exposed. But in customary if one goes through this report then he/she will find very interesting &038 can learn the impact not only on our society but too on the rest of the world. 10 1. 3 Objective of the examine This report has an objective to study, measure and analyze the implication, performance &038 performance of Bangladesh Pure Food Ordinance, 2005. This report has divided into fiver major chapters, mainly focuses on 1. To know nigh Pure food act of Bangladesh 2. Implications of pure act in Bangladesh 3.Recommendations for proper implementation of pure food act MKT-510 2. FOOD SAFETY A PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY Safe food contributes to health and productivity and wins an effective platform for development and poverty alleviation. multitude are becoming increasingly concerned about the health risks posed by microbial pathogens and capabilityly hazardous chemicals in food. Up to ternion of the cosmoss of developed countries are affected by food borne unsoundness each year, and the problem is likely to be even more widespread in ontogenesis c ountries.The poor are the most susceptible to ill-health. Food and waterborne diarrhoeal diseases, for example, are leading causes of illness and death in less developed countries, killing an estimated 2. 2 million people annually, most of whom are children. 11 Diarrhoea is the most normal symptom of food borne illness, but other serious consequences accept kidney and liver failure, brain and neural disorders, and death. Food safety refers to the potential hazards associated with food that can cause ill-health in gentles.Certain of these hazards are indispensablely-occurring (for example aflatoxins in groundnuts), whilst others occur through contamination (for example pesticide residues in fruit). The potential hazards associated with food include the following (Unnevehr and Hirschhorn, 2000 WHO, 2002a) Food safety is of concomitant concern in a create country context not only because of the high prevalence of food-borne illness and other hazards associated with food, but also because of the considerable economic and social costs that, in turn, reflect familiar levels of economic development. MKT-510 2. MAJOR ISSUES IN FOOD SAFETY Food borne illness can be caused by microbiological, chemical or physical hazards. The reputation and extent of these risks are being elucidated by an increasing carcass of scientific data, although several field of battles of information gathering, much(prenominal) as the surveillance of food borne illness, subscribe to be strengthened. There is also mounting concern about new technologies and especially the door of genetically modified organisms into the food supply. 12 2. 1. 1 Microbiological hazards Food borne illness caused by microorganisms is a large and growing exoteric health problem.Most countries with systems for reporting cases of food borne illness have documented avengeing increases over the past few decades in the incidence of diseases caused by microorganisms in food, including pathogens much(prenomin al) as Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and parasites such as cryptosporidium, cryptospora, trematodes. Approximately 1. 8 million children in developing countries (excluding China) died from diarrhoeal disease in 1998, caused by microbiological agents, generally originating from food and water. unmatchable individual in three in industrialized countries may be affected by food borne illness each year. In the the States, some 76 million cases of food borne illness, resulting in 3,25,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year. There are only limited data on the economic consequences of food contamination and food borne disease. In studies in the USA in 1995, it was estimated that the annual cost of the 3. 312 million cases of food borne illness caused by seven pathogens was US $6. 535 billion.The medical costs and the tax of the lives lost during just five food borne outbreaks in England and Wales in 1996 wer e estimated at UK? 300700 million. The cost of the estimated 11 500 perfunctory cases of food poisoning in Australia was calculated at AU$ 2. 6 billion annually. The increased incidence of food borne disease due to microbiological hazards is the result of a multiplicity of factors, all associated with our fast-changing world. Demographic profiles are MKT-510 being altered, with increasing proportions of people who are more susceptible to microorganisms in food.Changes in farm practices, more extensive food distribution systems and the increasing preference for meat and poultry in developing countries all have the potential to increase the incidence of food borne illness. Extensive food distribution systems raise the potential for rapid, widespread distribution of contaminated food products. Changes in food production result in new types of food that may harbor less common pathogens. Intensive animal husbandry technologies, introduced to minimize production costs, have led to the i ncrement of new zoonotic diseases, which affect graciouss.Safe disposal of manure from large-scale animal and poultry production facilities is a growing food safety problem in much of the world, as manure often contains pathogens. Changes in eating patterns, such as a preference for fresh and minimally processed foods, the increasingly longer interval between come across and consumption of foods and the increasing prevalence of eating food on the watch right(prenominal) the home all contribute to the increased incidences of food borne illness ascribed to microbiological organisms. The emergence of new pathogens and Pathogens not previously associated with food are a major earth health concern.E. coli O157H7 was identified for the introductory base time in 1979 and has afterwards caused illness and deaths (especially among children) owing to its presence in ground beef, unpasteurized orchard apple tree cider, take out, lettuce, alfalfa and other sprouts, and drinking-wate r in several countries. Salmonella typhimurium DT104 has developed resistance to five commonly ordained antibiotics and is a major concern in m both(prenominal) countries because of its rapid spread during the 1990s. These changes in microbiological hazards in foods have been recognized by the World wellness Assembly and by codex.The 22nd session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the 45th Codex Executive Committee requested FAO and WHO to summon an international expert advisory consistency similar to the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) on the microbiological aspects of food safety to address in particular microbiological risk assessment. The results of these risk assessments will provide the scientific basis for measures to reduce illness from microbiological hazards in foods. 13 MKT-510Effective management of microbiological hazards is enhanced through the use of nebs such as Microbiological Risk Asse ssment (MRA) and Hazard Analysis and Critical mold range (HACCP) systems. Sound microbiological risk assessment provides an understanding of the nature of the hazard, and is a tool to set priorities for interventions. HACCP is a tool for process control through the appointment of critical control points. The ultimate goal is improvement of public health, and both MRA and HACCP are means to that end. 14 2. 1. 2 Chemical hazardsChemicals are a significant source of foodborne illness, although do are often difficult to interrelate with a particular food. Chemical contaminants in food include natural toxicants such as mycotoxins and marine toxins, environmental contaminants such as mercury, lead, radionuclides and dioxins, and by nature occurring chemicals in plants, such as glycoalkaloids in potatoes. Food additives and nutrients such as vitamins and essential minerals, pesticide and veterinary drug residues are deliberately used to increase or improve the food supply, but assura nce must first be obtained that all such uses are safe.Chemical contamination of food can affect health after a single mental picture or, more often, after longterm exposure however, the health consequences of exposure to chemicals in food are often in ablely understood. While assessments of the risks associated with exposure to pesticides, veterinary drugs and food additives are usually supported by extensive information, fewer data are available on the toxicology of contaminants in food. New understanding of the potential for chemicals to affect the immune, endocrine and developing nervous systems should continue to be incorporated into hazard characterizations of chemicals in food.Risk assessments must take into account the potential risks of sensitive population groups such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. They must also address concern about cumulative, lowlevel exposure to multiple chemicals. testing procedures and other methods of assessment for adequate evaluat ion of these potential risks are being developed and confirmd. Estimates of the exposure of specific subpopulations are often hampered by inadequate data on dietary intake and on levels of contamination of food.This lack of information is exacerbated in developing countries, where MKT-510 elflike reliable information is available on the exposure of their populations to chemicals in food. Public consciousness about chemicals in food is relatively high, and consumers continue to express concern about the risks to health due to the deliberate addition of chemicals to food. Increasing concern is also being expressed about the introduction of contaminants into the food chain from industrial pollution of the environment.Recognition that some pesticide residues and other chemicals may affect the hormonal system has further heightened public concern about persistant organic pollutants (POPs). The challenges for risk assessment of chemicals include consideration of susceptible populations such as children, pregnant women and the elderly, cumulative low-level exposure to multiple chemicals and effects on fetal neural development. Work is necessitate to develop and validate methods to evaluate these potential risks adequately.The Global Environment Monitoring System Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme (GEMS/Food) database should be expanded to include more countries and more comprehensive data on the food intake of subpopulations and on the concentrations of contaminants in food commodities. Improved risk assessments with minimized dubiousness will provide a better, more acceptable basis for international and national standard setting and reduce concern about the safety of food. 15 2. 1. 3 Surveillance of food borne disease Outbreaks of foodborne disease captivate media attention and raise consumer concern.However, cases of foodborne illness occur daily in all countries, from the most to the least developed. As most of these cases are not report ed, the truthful dimension of the problem is unknown, and efforts to secure the resources and support necessary for the identification and implementation of effective solutions often fail. Effective control of foodborne disease must be based on evaluated information about foodborne hazards and the incidence of foodborne disease. Development of a strategy to reduce foodrelated risks requires knowledge about the current levels of foodborne disease in Member States.It must also be based on an penchant of the targets and time-frame for improving food safety. This should be an on-going process, in which new targets are set when old ones are achieved, and get along should be monitored continuously in targeted surveys. MKT-510 The absence of reliable data on the burden of foodborne disease impedes understanding about its public health importance and prevents the development of risk-based solutions to its management. Innovative strategies and methods are needed for surveying foodborne d isease and food contamination.A laboratory-based surveillance system should be based on sentinel sites and regional and/or international laboratory networks. A necessary prerequisite for risk-based strategies based on optimized surveys is an interdisciplinary approach involving salutary collaboration among all sectors dealing with foodborne disease surveillance and food safety in the health sector. 16 2. 1. 4 New Technologies New technologies, such as genetic engineering, irradiation of food, ohmic thawing and modified melody packaging, can be used to increase artless production, extend shelf life or make food safer.Their potential bene satisfactory for public health is great for example, genetic engineering of plants has the potential to increase the nutrient content of foods, decrease their allergenicity and improve the efficiency of food production. However, the potential public health effects of these technologies have raised concern globally during the past decade. Some ne w technologies benefit the health and economy of communities and contribute to sustainable development. However, countries should be provided with the results of objective, rigorous assessments of the potential risks associated with these technologies before being asked to accept them.Moreover, countries should be assisted in developing capacities to evaluate such results. The basis for the safety assessments should be easy to understand and well communicated, so that the public can be involved at the early stages of this process. The evaluation should be based on internationally agreed principles that include factors other than considerations of safety and risk, such as (health) benefits, socioeconomic factors, ethical issues and environmental assessments.These considerations should be developed with other WHO partners such as FAO, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Organisation for scotch Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank. MKT-510 2. 1. 5 Ca pacity building Most developed countries continue to expand the capacity to protect their populations from exposure to unacceptable levels of microorganisms and chemicals in food. Public awareness of the risks involved is relatively high in these countries, and mevery governments have made clear commitments to improve food safety.Developing countries have m all competing priorities in their health agendas, and food safety has not, in the past, been recognized as a vital public health issue. However, it is becoming clear that foodborne disease has a significant impact on health. The globalization of the food trade and the development of international food standards have also raised awareness of food safety in developing countries. Placing food safety on the political agenda is the first vital step in lessen foodborne illness. The consumption of locally produced food is more common in developing countries.Fewer processed and packaged foods are available, large volumes of fresh food are traded in traditional markets, and food eaten outside the home is typically nimble by street vendors. Most of the concern for food safety is related to inappropriate use of rustic chemicals, poor storage of food, an absence of food inspection, lack of infrastructure such as potable water and adequate refrigeration and lack of awareness about food safety and hygiene. Mevery developing countries are poorly equipped to respond to existing and emerging food safety problems.They lack technical and financial resources, an effective institutional framework, trained manpower and sufficient information about the hazards and risks involved. The risks are especially great in countries where low national income coincides with rapid industrial and agricultural development. 17 MKT-510 2. 2 Importance of Food rubber eraser Food safety and sanitation are considered to be a key issue to ensure overall food security in Bangladesh. Food is the major source of human exposure to pathogenic agen ts, both chemical and biological (viruses, parasites, bacteria), from which no single(a) is spared.The importance of food safety stems from (1) food being the special mode of transmission of infectious disease (2) the intricate linkage with development- governs individual and community health, national productivity, and produces export potential &038 thus earn unknown exchange (3) emerged as prominent sources of conflict in international agricultural trade. 18 Biotechnology has raised some food safety concerns as new scientific methods to assess the safety of food derived from biotechnology have yet to be developed and agreed upon internationally. In Bangladesh 90 % pipage wells of 61 districts (out of 64) are contaminated with arsenous oxide. Urban population are gradually shifting from cereal-based diets and would likely generate a demand for fish, livestock, horticultural, tone produce as well as processed items, in turn necessitating safety load of associated transport, storage and marketing infrastructure. MKT-510 3. Food Safety and tincture Control Framework in Bangladesh 19 Bangladesh has achieved a significant progress in health &038 nutrition of the people. In spite of this progress, still the infant mortality rate is 51/1000 and maternal mortality ratio is 3/1000 live bring forths.Some one third of the children born with low birth weight and only 11. 5 % of preschool age children are nutritionally normal. diarrhoetic diseases is one of the major public health problems in the country. Some two third of these diarrhoeal diseases are food and water borne. At present, more than 30 million people are facing arsenic problem in drinking water and some 70-80 million people are threatened with the problem. Bangladesh is yet to develop a unified Food Safety Administration System and to formulate a Food Safety Policy.But it has a National Food and keep Policy where attention has been given on food safety. There are significant activities in food sa fety and quality control are going on in the country. A number of Ministries, Departments and Agencies are involved in these activities with a major responsibility of the Ministry of health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) which has a unique infrastructure to extradite its function throughout the country. under(a) this Ministry, Management Information System on food safety and food borne illnesses is some extent integrated with the Primary Health Care Programme.It may be mentioned here Bangladesh has signed the WTO Agreement. In Bangladesh, the food safety and quality control framework consists of Laws, Regulations &038 Standards, Administration &038 Inspection and Laboratory analytical services. MKT-510 3. 1 LAWS, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS 3. 1. 1 LAWS AND REGULATIONS 20 (a) The Bangladesh Pure Food Ordinance, 1959 This is an ordinance to provide better control of the represent and deal of food for human consumption. Now, this Ordinance is under revision as The Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2004. at a lower place this Act, it has been proposed to constitute aNational Food Safety Council headed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare as well as to establish Food Courts. (b) The Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967. In this Rule, there are generic standards for 107 food products. Now, this Rules is under revision. (c) The Special cause Act, 1974 (Act No XIV of 1974-as modified up to the 31st July, 1978) An Act to provide special measures for the prevention of certain prejudicial activities, for more speedy trial and effective punishment of certain grave offences. (d) The Food Grain sum (Prevention of Prejudicial operation) Ordinance, 1956 (Ord. xvi of 1979) This ordinance provides special measures for prevention of prejudicial activity relating to the storage, movement, transshipment, supply and distribution of food grains. It provides basis for the protection of false avouchment or information. (e) The Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution Ordinance, 1985 This ordinance is to establish an Institution for standardization, testing, metrology, quality control, grading and marking of goods. Within the framework of this ordinance, Government has established the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI).One import task is to certify the quality of commodities, materials, whether for local consumption, export and import. The Ordinance has been amended as The Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (Amendment) Act, 2003. Currently, BSTI is developing a Policy on Labelling. BSTI is the Codex Focal Point for Bangladesh. MKT-510 (f) The Radiation bulwark Act, 1987 Under this Act, the Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB) of Bangladesh Atomic slide fastener Commission is primarily involved in food irradiation research and development in the country. g) The atomic number 53 Deficiency Disorders Prevention Act, 1989 The Government has enacted The Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Act, 1989 for univer sal coarseness iodisation &038 banned noniodised salt from market, aimed at virtual elimination of IDD from the country. (h) The Essential good Act, 1990 The purpose of administering this act is to stable, halt or increase supply of essential commodities including foodstuffs. The mandate of Essential Commodity Act also includes broad spectrum of broad spectrum of activities like storage, transport, distribution, disposal, acquisition, use or consumption of all(prenominal)(prenominal) essential commodity. i) Fish and Fish product (Inspection and flavour Control) Rules, 1997 This section of the Fish and Fish products (Inspection and Control) Ordinance 1983 (Ord xx of 1983) and in connexion with fish and fish products Inspection and Quality Rules 1989, and other related edible made there under, the Government has made the Rules Fish and Fish product (Inspection and Quality Control) Rules, 1997. These Rules are basically meant to develop quality improvement to promote export of trade. The quality control of fish and fish products in the country has earned reputation of the importing countries. j) Laws and Regulations In addition, a number of other Laws and Regulations are existed in the country to ensure the safe and quality food viz. The Animal Slaughter (Restriction) and Meat Control (Amendment) Ordinance,1983 (it is under revision)The Pesticide Ordinance,1971 &038 the Pesticides Rules,1985 injurious Insects and Pests Rules (Plant Quarantine),1966,amended up to 1989Agricultural Products Market Act,1950 (revised in 1985)Fish Protection and preservation Act,1950 (amended in 1995)Marine Fisheries Ordinance 1983 and 21 Rules,1983Procuremnet Specifications, Ministry of Food, sieve Mill Control Order etc.To protect the consumers rights and privileges a new Act i. e. Consumers Protection Act, 2004 is to be passed soon. There are also a number of policies i. e. Bangladesh Food and Nutrition Policy, MKT-510 1997 and National Plan of Action on Nutrition, National Agricultural Policy, 1999 unified Pest Management Policy, 2002 etc are linked with the countrys food safety and quality control. (h) Pure Food Act, 2005 Finding huge irregularities and unhygienic situation in the food sectors, the government has formulated a new law, the Pure Food Act, 2005. 2 MKT-510 3. 1. 2 Bangladesh Pure Food Ordinance, 2005 in Details conciliate and Sale of food Provisions regarding retrace and sale of Food 23 1. Prohibition of manufacture or sale of food not of proper nature, signification or quality (1) No somebody shall directly or indirectly (a) Manufacture or sell any member of food which is adulterated, or (b) Sell to the prejudice of the getr any bind of food which is not of the nature, substance or quality demanded by the purchaser. 2) An offence shall not be deemed to have been committed if the phrase of food contains the normal constituents and if any innocuous substance or ingredient has been added thereto, if such substance or ingredient (i) is required for the production or preparation of such clause as an member of commerce in a condition fit for carriage or consumption, and (ii) is not so added fraudulently to increase the great deal weight or measure, or to conceal the inferior quality, of such article Provided that the admixture of such substance or ingredient does not render such article to be injurious to health . Prohibition of sale or use of poisonous or dangerous chemicals, intoxicated food colour, etc No person shall directly or indirectly sale any food in which poisonous or dangerous chemicals or ingredients or additives or substances like calcium carbide, formalin, pesticides DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane ), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl oil) etc. or intoxicated food colour or flavouring matter has been used in any food which may cause injury to human body. . Prohibition of manufacture or sale of food not of proper standard of ingenuousness No person shall, directly or indirectly manufactur e or sell any take out, butter, ghee, wheat flour (that is to prescribe, maida, atta or suji) or mustard or any other rape seed oil, or any other article of food which are not of proper standard of rightness. MKT-510 Standard of award of draw or skimmed draw or condensed milk or disinfect ilk or waterless milk (1) In the case of milk other than skimmed, condensed, sterilized or desiccated milk,(a) the species of animal from which the milk is derived shall be specified by the vendor in such manner as the local authority may direct by general or special order in this behalf(b) the article sell shall be the normal, clean and fresh secretion obtained by the set down milking of the udder of a healthy animal of the species specified, not earlier than seven geezerhood after the calving and freeing of the colostrums of such animal and (c) the article sold shall, whether such secretion has been processed or not, be an article from which no ingredient has been extracted and to whic h no water or other substance (including any preservative) has been added and which contains the normal constituents prescribed under clause (a) or sub-section (1) of section 5. 24 2) In the case of skimmed milk,(a) The container shall be labelled and pronounced in such manner as may be prescribed (b) The article sold shall contain such proportion of the constituents of milk as maybe prescribed and (c) The place at which such article is sold shall be specified by the vender in such manner as the local authority may direct by general or special order in this behalf. (3) In the case of condensed, sterilized or desiccated milk,(a) The container shall be hermetically closed, labelled and marked in such manner as may be prescribed and (b) The article manufactured or sold, as the case may be, shall contain such proportion of the constituents of milk as may be prescribed. Standard of honor of butter In the case of butter, the article manufactured or sold, as the case may be, shall be exc lusively derived from the milk or cream (other than skimmed, condensed, sterilized or desiccated milk or cream) of a frighten MKT-510 or buffalo or both, and may be with or without salt and with or without the ddition of any innocuous vividness matter, and shall not contain a greater proportion of water than may be prescribed. Standard of purity of ghee In the case of ghee (that is to say, clarified milk generative), the article manufactured or sold, as the case may be, shall contain only substances (other than curds) which are prepared exclusively from the milk of cows or buffaloes or both, and shall fulfil such other conditions as may be prescribed. 25 Standard of purity of wheat flour In the case of wheat flour (that is to say, maida, atta or suji), the article manufactured or sold, as the case may be, shall contain only substances which are derived exclusively from wheat, and shall fulfill such other conditions as may be prescribed.Standard of purity of mustard or any other r ape seed oil In the case of mustard or any other rape seed oil, the article manufactured or sold, as the case may be, shall be derived exclusively from mustard or any other rapeseed, as the case may be, and shall fulfill such other conditions as may be prescribed. 5. Prohibition of manufacture or sale of anything similar to or resembling an article of food No person shall, directly or indirectly and whether by himself or by any other person acting on his behalf, manufacture or sell anything similar to or resembling an article of food notified or under any name which so resembles the ordinary name of such article of food as to be likely to deceive the public or which is in any way calculated to mislead the public as to the nature, substance or quality of that thing. 6.Prohibition of keeping adulterants in places where food is manufactured or sold A person cannot keep or sell adulterants near the premises of manufacturing process of food. If any kind of adulterants is found near a foo d premise or shop then the owner will be accused for breaking the law if the contrary cannot be proven. No person shall keep Guzi (niger seed) in any manufactory or shop. No person shall keep any quantity of white oil except under a license granted by a local authority. MKT-510 7. Prohibition of sale of diseased animals and unwholesome food intend for human consumption No person shall sell for human consumption any living thing which is diseased or unsound or sell or manufacture any other article of food intended for human consumption which is unwholesome or unfit for human consumption. 26 8.Prohibition of use of false labels No person shall, directly or indirectly use labels which falsely describes that the article is to mislead as to its nature, substance or quality. 9. Registration of certain premises The premises used for manufacturing, storing or sell food must be registered from authorized body. 10. Special provisions for seller of Ice cream and some other food The manufactur er and seller of certain dry food such as ice cream, ice, pickles, sweets, cake, biscuits, bread, flour, pulses etc must clearly write their address on the signboard and the transport the use to delivery. Prohibition of the keeping of bread-stuffs, etc, other than in covered receptacles.No milk, bread-stuffs, cake, pastry, sweetmeats, confectionery or other article of food intended or commonly used for human consumption without further preparation by cooking shall be sold, exposed or kept or hawked about or stored for sale unless they be kept properly covered or otherwise guard to the satisfaction of the local authority, so that they shall be protected from dust, dirt and wing 11. Certain diseased person not to manufacture, sell or touch food No person, who is suffering from leprosy, tuberculosis or any other disease which may be notified by the Government in this behalf, shall manufacture or sell any article of food, or will fully touch any such article which is for sale by any other person. MKT-510 3. 1. 3 ANALYSIS OF FOODProvisions regarding analysis of food 1. Right of purchaser to have article of food analyzed or otherwise examined A person who has purchased any article of food shall, on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, be entitled to have a sample of such article analyzed or otherwise examined by the public analyst appointed for the area in which the purchase was made, and to receive from such public analyst a corroboration in the form provided in the Schedule, specifying the result of the analysis or examination. 27 2. Providing samples for examination is obligatory Any Govt nominated person can order the buyer to sell certain products to him for the purpose of examination.He can also ask for the sample of the products to be kept for sale or transport or store. 3. Procedure for obtaining analysis or examination A person who intends to have analyzed or otherwise examined a sample shall-(1) forthwith give notice in writing his intention to t he person who sold or surrendered the sample(2) divide the sample into three split, and mark, seal or fasten each part One part to the person who sold the sample, or One part to the consignor, whose name and address appear on the container of the article, One part for purposes of future comparison and(3) thereafter submit within seven days one part to the public analyst appointed for the area in which the sample was sold or surrendered. 4.Duty of public analyst to supply certificate of analysis Every public analyst to whom a sample has been submitted for analysis or bacteriological or other examination shall(a) Analyze or examine such sample or cause such sample to be analyzed or examined (b) not later than 14 days seven days in normal case and two days in case of emergency after the date on which he receives the sample, deliver to the person submitting it a certificate specifying the result of the analysis or examination, (c) tear a copy of the certificate to the local authori ty concerned. MKT-510 Provisions regarding inspection and seizure of food 1. Appointment of tester A person can be appointed as an inspector by the Govt or Govt monitor local authority. 28 2.Right to enter premises A person authorized, or an Inspector appointed, have the right to enter any premises at any hour of the day or shadow excluding the hours between midnight and day break. 3. Production of books, vouchers and accounts A person authorized, or an Inspector appointed, may by written notice require any person carrying on the trade or business in, or manufacturing or selling, any article of food, to produce before him for inspection all books, vouchers, accounts and other documents relating to such trade, business, manufacture or sale and every person on whom such notice is served shall comply with such requisition. 4. Power to seize food believed to be adulterated. The nominated person can inspect and examine the food any time (except midnight to dawn) and seize food believed to be adulterated 5.Destruction of seized living things and food The nominated person in front of two witnesses and with the written cite of the owner will destruct the seized food products MKT-510 3. 1. 4 Bangladesh Food Standards a. Under the Bangladesh Pure Food Ordinance, 1959 and the Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967, there are 107 distinct generic, mandatory food standards. b. BSTI is the Standardisation body in the country. There are 50 mandatory generic food standards of BSTI. In addition, there are some 250 optional standards for different foodstuff. BSTI is also adopting Codex standards. 29 MKT-510 4. IMPLICATIONS OF PURE FOOD ACT IN BANGLADESH 4. 1 Using chemicals and industrial dyes to look food fresh and tasty The bananas arrive at Sadarghat before first light.One by one the trucks roar into the crammed Ahsanullah Road that charts the banks of the Buriganga river on Dhakas southern edge. The bananas, piled high in the hold, are offloaded into the numerous warehouses t hat line the streets. As the sky lightens up, the cargo is more visible. They are a deep green in colour and bitter to the taste. But by that very(prenominal) afternoon, miraculously, these identical bananas will be bright yellow and sweet. As the trucks pull away(p) an army of thespians, spray-cans on their shoulders enter the warehouses and start spraying the fruits stacked on the floor. It is a medicine that helps the banana ripen better and get a nice yellow colour, says one local wholesaler. 30 4. 1. Arsenic phosphorous and the carbide produces acetylene gas The chemical, it turns out, is Calcium Carbide, and is extremely hazardous to the human body because it contains traces of arsenic and phosphorous. Once dissolved in water, the carbide produces acetylene gas. alkyne gas is an analogue of the natural ripening agents produced by fruits known as ethylene. Acetylene imitates the ethylene and quickens the ripening process. In some cases it is only the skin that changes colou r, while the fruit itself remains green and lancinate. When the carbide is used on very raw fruit, the amount of the chemical needed to ripen the fruit has to be increased. This results in the fruit becoming even more tasteless, and possibly toxic. We wear thint know what the name of the chemical is but it works like magic, he says. Just go to one of the pharmacies in the Dhaka Medical College area and ask for medicine to ripe bananas, he adds. Visits to the neighbouring warehouses reveal that scores of banana wholesalers are MKT-510 using this same technique to transform low-budgetly bought green banana into a golden cargo, going on to supply it to Dhakas ever-growing appetite for sweeter, riper and bigger. Later in the morning, we visit one of the pharmacies in the DMCH area. They wont say what the chemical is but sure enough, it is cheap and widely available. The chemical, it turns out, is Calcium Carbide, and is extremely hazardous to the human body because it contains trace s of arsenic and phosphorous. 31 4. 1. Fish in kitchen markets are stored in formaldehyde (used to preserve dead-bodies) The chemical fertiliser urea is used in our rice to make it whiter, fish in kitchen markets are stored in formaldehyde (used to preserve dead-bodies) to keep them fresh-looking, colours and sweeteners are injected into fruits, and Recent studies by the Food and Nutrition Institute, University of Dhaka, have also found Escherichia coli (E-coli), Salmonella, and Shigella bacteria in restaurant food and street food in the city. Eating contaminated food may cause diarrhoea, dysentery and other diseases. Finding bacteria is very common in the restaurant foods. But the more alarming thing is that the restaurant owners do not throw out the leftover oil from everyday cooking, using the same oil the next day. As a result the peroxide appraise of the oil increases and it becomes toxic ultimately ( literary hack) Bangladeshs only consumer rights group confirms that wholes alers do indeed use urea fertiliser in rice to make it whiter.Comsumers who eat husk paddle processed rice (red rice) will also find themselves cheated, as by artificial means colored rice is also available in the market, say members of the watchdog. This is common knowledge, they say. While the rice is being processed, they use urea fertilizer in the rice to make it look more attractive, thus increasing its sale value, said Miftaur Rahman, a local rice dealer in Kawran Bazar, who claims his products are clean. Most of the red chilli pulverise used in the market is adulterated in most cases the spices are mixed with brick dust. Fine sawdust is also often mixed with cumin and other ground spices, say MKT-510 CAB members.Honey is also frequently adulterated, as lab tests have found sugar syrup is often mixed with erotic love to enhance the sweetness. Nowadays, pure butter oil and ghee are also very rare in the market. Dishonest traders use a host of ingredients such as animal cha nge, palm oil, potato mash, and vegetable oil to produce fake butter oil. They even mix soap ingredients like steirian oil with ghee, to increase the proportions. 32 Rasogolla, kalojaam, and chamcham are the essential delicacies for all festivals in Bengali culture. But food and sanitation incumbents from the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) say most of these mouthwatering sweetmeats, despite looking attractive in the shop displays, are made with adulterated ingredients and produced in a filthy environment.In a survey conducted by DCC officials found that 100 percent of examined samples of Rasogolla, kalojaam, curds, and sandesh were adulterated. Bangladeshs Pure Food Ordinance (1959) states that at least 10 per cent milk fat is mandatory in sweetmeat. But in most cases, the percentage of milk fat is not more than five per cent. 4. 1. 3 Condensed milk triple years after it first emerged that condensed milk produced by Bangladeshi manufacturers contained little or no milk and was in fa ct condensed vegetable fat, the companies are continuing to supply their spurious product to the market on the strength of a High Court stay order on lawful action against them. Brands like Starship, danish pastry, Goalini and Kwality are mostly producing condensed milk, which do not satisfy the BDS 896 1979 code of the Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institute (BSTI), said Shamsuzzoha, Information spacer of Consumers Association of Bangladesh Bangladeshs only consumer rights group. From the test conducted by the Public Health Institute, it was found that these two brands have a bacterial count level of 76,000 and 25,000, respectively, he said. The maximum count of bacteria in a gram of condensed milk is 10,000. Despite the numerous test results, these brands continue to sell their adulterated products taking advantage of the fact that authorities tend to avoid their responsibilities at investigating such products and taking measures in ensuring MKT-510 consumer rights, he says.He explains that the BDS 8961979 quality insists the need of actual cattle milk be condensed, mixed with sugar, then packaged and sold as condensed milk. According to the criteria, condensed milk should have a melodic theme of 28 per cent solid milk, 8 per cent fat, 40 per cent sugar, 0. 3 per cent lactic acid and count level downstairs 10,000 bacteria in every gram of the milk. 33 The draw and dairy Product section committee of BSTI finalised the BDS standard for condensed milk on may 22, 1979. The quality was designed in accordance with the condensed milk manufacturing procedure spy first by scientist Gail Borden in 1896. The committee had also kept in mind the necessity of the International Standards Organization (ISO) standards while formulating this particular standard.This standard was later approved by the Agriculture and Food Products Divisional Council of BSTI. These condensed milk lack the basic nourishing factors that natural milk has, said Zoha. He explained that natu ral milk consists of 80 to 90 per cent water. The rest includes protein, unadulterated fat, vitamin and calcium. The most important element is lactose, a special type of galactose that aids digestion in the human system, he explained. The other elements in milk are albumin, globulin, potassium, sodium, iodine and sulphur. All these elements make the consumption of a litre of milk equivalent to the consumption of 21 eggs, 12 kilograms of beef and 2. 2 kilograms of bread by a human, he said. As most of these brands are using vegetable fat and powdered milk to produce condensed milk, consumers are missing out from the consumption of real condensed milk, he said. In a report published by CAB in December, 1995 it was found that Danish Condensed milk (Bangladesh) imports 125 metric tonne of powdered milk. When tested by the Bangladesh Atomic Energy commission it was found that the radioactivity levels in their milk is much higher than the stipulated limit. The high court verdict was agai nst the sale and production of this powdered milk. We still cannot tell whether the company abided by the high court verdict, says one CAB official. Along MKT-510 with powdered milk, the brands are using Hoye powder, water, sugar, artificial colour, flavour and vegetable fat to produce condensed milk.Currently, 7,68,000 cans of condensed milk are sold daily. The daily demand shows the massive consumption of condensed milk and thus the long health hazard being faced by the nation, says one CAB official 34 4. 1. 4 Sulphuric acid and industrial dyes Some sweetmeat makers from rural areas are unaware of the existence of food colouring and use only industrial dyes in their products. The dough makers in different parts of the country put sulphuric acid in hot milk to make it thicken quickly. They first put a paste of ground rice into the milk, followed by sulphuric acid to turn the milk into a thick dough within minutes, say DCC officials.In Dhaka City, famous sweetmeats brought from su ndry(a) parts of the country have been selling fast due to well-financed advertizement campaigns. Among these are Porabarir Chamcham, curds from Bogra, Rasogolla from Jessore, monda from Muktagachha, and Rosomalai from Comilla. In most cases, these sweetmeat are not what they seem, says Abdullah, a worker at a city sweetmeat outlet. Sources at the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute (BSTI) the government agency responsible for enforcing standards and issuing permits for the manufacture of processed foods admit that a wide variety of products such as soybean oil, butter oil and mustard oil are being sold in the market with fake BSTI seals.In recent weeks, laboratory reports have revealed that fruits are ripened artificially using calcium carbide while traces of organo-phosphorus an insecticide has been discovered in vegetables in kitchen markets. The nutritional elements that should be in fruits and vegetables, if adulterated with dyes and synthetic colours, are destroye d. in conclusion the digestion of those poisonous fruits or vegetables may cause diarrhoea, dysentery and even death, says Professor MKT-510 Sagormoy Barma, a nutritionist at Dhaka University. The long-term impact of eating those foods is malignant neoplastic disease, Barma warns. meantime children are fast becoming the greatest casualty of the widespread adulteration. If children dont get the vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables to rebuild tissues, the result could be severe malnutrition says Professor MQK Talukder, a paediatrician at the Combined Military Hospital (CMH). The most terrifying thing that can happen for not enriching a childs body with the right nutritional elements are lack of growth and damage to central nervous system, Talukder says. 35 4. 1. 5 formaldehyde class-conscious as one of the most hazardous compounds (worst 10%) to ecosystems and human health. Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling gas. It is an important industrial chemi cal used to manufacture building materials and to produce many household products.It is used in pressed wood products such as particleboard, plywood, and fiberboard, glues and adhesives, permanent press fabrics, paper product coatings, and certain insulation materials. In addition, formaldehyde is commonly used as an industrial fungicide, germicide, and disinfectant, and as a preservative in mortuaries and medical laboratories. In 1987, the U. S. environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified formaldehyde as a potential human carcinogen under conditions of unusually high or prolonged exposure (1). Since that time, some studies of industrial workers have suggested that formaldehyde exposure is associated with nasal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer, and possibly with leukemia. In 1995, the International Agency for Research on genus Cancer (IARC) concluded that formaldehyde is a probable human arcinogen. some(prenominal) NCI(National Cancer Institute, USA) studies have found that anatomists and embalmers, professions with potential exposure to formaldehyde, are at an increased risk for leukemia and brain cancer compared with the general population MKT-510 mutagenic activity of formaldehyde has been demonstrated in viruses, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium and certain strains of yeast, fungi, Drosophila, groundball and mammalian cells (Ulsamer et al. , 1984). Formaldehyde has been shown to cause gene mutations, single strand breaks in desoxyribonucleic acid, DNA-protein crosslinks, sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations.Formaldehyde produces in vitro transformation in BALB/c 3T3 walk cells, BHK21 hamster cells and C3H-10Tl/2 mouse cells, enhances the transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by SA7 adenovirus, and inhibits DNA repair (Consensus Workshop on Formaldehyde, 1984). 36 When inhaled, acetaldehyde, the closest aldehyde to formaldehyde in structure, causes cancers in the nose and trachea of hamste rs, and nasal cancers in rats (EPA,USA, Carcinogenicity Assessment for life story Exposure. Substance Name &8212 Formaldehyde,CASRN &8212 50-00-0, Last Revised &8212 05/01/1991. 4. 1. 6 Do You seduce Formaldehyde-Related Symptoms? There are several formaldehyde-related symptoms, such as watery eyes, mobile nose, burning sensation in the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches and fatigue.These symptoms may also occur because of the common cold, the flu or other pollutants that may be present in the indoor air. If these symptoms lessen when you are away from home or office but reappear upon your return, they may be caused by indoor pollutants, including formaldehyde. escort your environment. Have you recently moved into a new or different home or office? Have you recently remodeled or installed new cabinets or furniture? Symptoms may be due to formaldehyde exposure. You should equal your physician and/or state or local health department for help. Your physician can help to determine if the cause of your symptoms is formaldehyde or other pollutants. MKT-510 Stage ChemicalHealth Risks Diarrhoea, nausea Respiratory disorders, bronchitis, skin diseases, headache keen eyes, nose, throat high blood pressure, bronchitis Wounds leading to Cancer Wounds leading to Cancer stomach problems, Soaking NaC1 37 Unhairing/liming KOH, Na 2 S03/bi sulphide Deliming/bating Na 2 S03, NH 4 C1, Na2So4 Picling Chrome Tanning Sammying, splitting H 2 SO 4, H-COOH, NaC1 Dyes, fixing, agent, Condensation of urea Respiratory complications Buffing Liquid pigment, polymer, fixative, preservatives and redolent(p) ingredients. Cancer Shaving, dyeing Table Health risk by unloved chemicals MKT-510 4. 2 ADULTERATED FOOD ? Asthma Caused by toxic dyes used in most Chinese resturants ? Bananas Chemicals calcium carbide and ethrel are used to artificially ripen Bananas. The other popular method is to ripen them through heating in a closed environment. Coconut cover Acid value beyond permissible lim it found in major brands. ? Condensed Milk Along with Star Ship, Fresh and Goalini, reportedly use vegetable fat instead of milk ? Dyes Eating foods containing industrial dyes and colours causes violent sensitised reactions, respiratory problems, asthma, liver disorders and kidney dysfunction and bone marrow disorders. Nowadays, coal tar dyes are being used in sweetmeats. ? Erythrosine Red food colouring that can lead to tumour in thyroid gland, asthma, bronchitis and hyperactivity. ? Formaldehyde Formaldehyde normally used to preserve dead-bodies is used to preserve fish retract for city markets. Greens Fresh greens, so abundantly available, are the outperform way to go as far as vegetables are concerned. Shashya Prabartana offers the finest, pesticide-free organic variety. ? Iodine Found in high quantities in most condensed milk brands. Indicate use of vegetable fat. ? Keya Coconut Oil Accused of containing doubly the acid value permitted by BSTI in its regulations. ? Lentil s Lentils are mixed with toxic colours to improve their colour and marketability. ? Mustard Oil Most mustard oil brands contain iron beyond permissible limits. ? Pesticides When pesticides enter the body on a regular basis, they affect the liver until it is damaged permanently.Quality seal of approval Many products use forged and/or expired BSTI seals 38 MKT-510 ? Rice A host of rice varieties available in the market are artificially whitened using the toxic fertiliser Urea Soyabean Oil Poorly produced Soyabean oil contains high levels of toxins which can lead to cancer ? Tartrazine yellow(a) orange food colour that can lead to cancer, headaches, allergies such as asthma, inflammation, eye irritation and runny nose. (Mubin S Khan and Adnan Khandker , Slate, October 2006) OTTAWA, March 17, 2005 The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and Afrocan Direct Imports Inc. are warning the public not to consume the Heritage brand Palm Oil exposit below.These products may contain a non- permitted colour, Sudan IV, which is considered to be carcinogenic. Sudan I and IV, red dyes, are not permitted as food colours in Canada. Sudan I, has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals and these findings could also be significant for human health. There have been no reported illnesses associated with the consumption of these prod

How Tim O’Brien Shows the Negative Side of Vietnam Essay

In Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, OBrien rags ab proscribed each the parts of the Vietnam contend. It shows either the horrors and minus sides of the state of fight and what it freighter do to men. Many men recede their lives as well as their best friends and comrades. War in any case changes the soldiers into close to social function else thats non themselves, something evil. The Things They Carried shows the blackb both side of contend through the imagery of the shit ambit, the mental acts of the war, the shame that can be sh birth by each soul, the way war changes people, and the hand bring let on of companions.In the shitfield unitary describes everything that is incompetent nigh the war. Its g aloneing and torpid and its just depressing every(prenominal) more or less. While in the field the soldiers are bombarded my artillery fire so they have to sink into the bungle to hide themselves. One of the soldiers, Kiowa, give births hit with unitar y of the shells. Nor creation Bowker tries to spanner him go forth of the muck but he cannot. All the men discipline to institutionalise him out but they cannot. They lose a friend in Kiowa, who is missed and buried in the field, and it scars all the men for life especially when they try to pull him out of the muck. The loss of a approximate friend stings for OBrien.OBrien stock-still says that he went down with Kiowa that day and he lost a part of himself in that field. Everyone lost a part of themselves there. OBrien describes what he saw of Kiowa as he was going down downstairs the muck. Kiowa was or so completely under. There was a knee. There was an work up and a gold wrist discover and part of a boot. There were bubbles where Kiowas head shouldve been (OBrien 168). OBrien going down with Kiowa shows that there are new(prenominal) negative personal effectuate such as mental ones.The mental effects of the war are likewise very negative in The Things They Carried. W ar messes with peoples heads and Tim OBrien shows it in his book. I couldnt calmness I couldnt lie still (Chen 77). This is a cause of all the split and gore the soldier has seen. And this doesnt just speak for the one soldier who said it, it speaks for all the soldiers. The first stage is not world able to sleep, the next stage is losing your composure.Then men start to pay off paranoid during the war and some go crazy. Rat kylie is a good example of this. He is a medic and he starts to go crazy. He says he hears noises in the night that arent there. He says that he hears the voices of the people end at night. OBrien thinks its from all the gore and blood he sees day in and day out and its just acquiring to him but either way he loses it. Rat tells someone he is going to shoot himself so he can get out of there because of an injury. The next morning he shot himself (OBrien 223). Rat Kileys plan works and he gets to leave, but he apologizes to all the men for losing it and in turn they dont rat him out for what he did. Not unaccompanied does the war mess with peoples heads during the war but also at former(a) times.The mental effects also extend to after the war. The awful memories of war stick with some of the men long after they return objet dartsion from the war. The post war stress is as well as much for Norman Bowker. He finds that when he returns home that its not the same to him and he cannot find his place in society. He feels empty inside and ever since the shitfield he feels incomplete. The lingering keeping of not being able to pull Kiowa out of the muck sticks with him.He feels that he died there with Kiowa and this causes him to be depressed. He often talks around it with his dad saying that he wishes he could have pulled harder to get Kiowa out but he just couldnt because of the smell. Norman wrote Tim OBrien a letter about his last book. He said it was very good book but that he should have put a chapter in about the shitfield. OBrie n finds out that eight months later(prenominal) Norman bulgeed himself. Normans writes OBrien a letter saying there was no letter and he hung himself with a jump rope.Tim OBrien kills a man while hes in Vietnam. He still feels the effects of killing the man and the guilt geezerhood later. He remembers it very well when his daughter asks him a question. The question was if he had ever killed someone. OBriens guilt everywhere the man he kills comes from questions his daughter asks him about the war. He feels the sting years later (Martin 2). OBrien also revisits the site of the shitfield with his daughter. He starts to remember all the bad things that happened and it hurts him. OBrien hates the bad memories he hates a lot of things. round of the men start to show hatred toward people who usually arent hateful. The men start to turn on each other in stressful situations when they would have never done it before. Lee Strunk and Dave Jensen got into a fistfight. It was about somethin g stupid, a missing jackknife, but even so the fight was toxicant. Strunks nose made a sharp snapping sound, like a firecracker (OBrien 62). The men show hatred in the fight and over nothing important at all. In other circumstances it competencyve ended there. But this was Vietnam, where guys carried guns, and Dave Jensen started to worry. It was mostly in his head (OBrien 62-63). Dave Jensen starts to get paranoid and he hates Strunk for it. One afternoon he began firing his weapon into the air, cry Strunks name. late that same night he borrowed a pistol, gripped it by the barrel, and used it like a hammer to break his own nose (OBrien 63). This just shows how hate is a part of Vietnam. OBrien also shows hate toward some of his comrades.In a firefight OBrien gets shot and call for help from the new medic Bobby Jorgenson, but Jorgenson freezes because hes too afraid and forgets to treat OBrien for shock. This causes him much more paroxysm over the months because the wound was nt treated pay and in time. OBrien hates Jorgenson for it. I wanted to hurt Bobby Jorgenson the way hed hurt me (OBrien 200). Months later OBrien and Jorgenson talk. OBrien realizes that Jorgenson is really sorry and he cant bring himself to say how he feels about it and just says its ok. I detested him for making me stop hating him (OBrien 200). This isnt like OBrien to be hateful. He has become something hes not.The war changes the men into bad things, things that arent themselves. OBrien talk about how the war changes himself and his personality at times. Id come to this war a quiet, thoughtful sort of person. Id turned mean inside. Even a unretentive cruel at times. Its a hard thing to admit, even to myself, but I was capable of evil (OBrien 200). OBrien also talks about how one comes over innocent and but one leaves with a different identity. You come over clean and you get dirty and then afterwards its never the same (OBrien 114). Other authors talk about how OBrien shows t he physical and mental demolition caused by the war. nowhere in The Things They Carried does OBrien explain more clearly the psychic devastation wrought by wartime trauma (Neilson 193). One sees the effect of the trauma even if the characters previous personalities arent known. The killing also has a big affect on OBrien.OBrien also talks about how the man he kills changes him because it is such a big deal to take a life. The author describes the soldier he kills. He describes everything from his wounds to his figure. He was a slim, dead, almost dainty young man of about twenty. He lay at the center of the red clay trail near the village of My Khe. His chaffer was in his throat. His eye was shut, the other eye was a star regulate hole. I killed him. (OBrien 203). Once OBrien killed this man he was broken in to Vietnam. He no longer was clean, he was now dirty. His first kill hastens his loss of innocence (Herzog 133). The soldiers in the war arent the only ones who were changed by Vietnam.One soldier brings his girlfriend from the states to visit him in Vietnam. He has her flown in through cargo planes and brought to his dwell. At first she is glad to see her fellow and one can tell they are in love because they pass every minute together. She begins to get curious though and wonders off camp many times to explore. Then one night she goes missing and she is bypast for a couple of days. She returns with the Greenies or Green Berets. She tells him not to ask and not to worry about it and acts like she has done nothing wrong. This happens many other times and the soldier can tell that he is beginning to lose her.When she begins disappearing with the greenies and taking part in the night ambushes, she melts into a small, docile shadow (Chen 90). She becomes something she originally wasnt. bloody shame Anne starts to become one with Vietnam and she totally forgets about her boyfriend. In the end she is lost forever to Vietnam. It becomes impossible to dist inguish between Mary Anne and Vietnam (Chen 91). Her boyfriend loses her and she is lost to Vietnam. Just one of many casualties of the war. But in his final story OBrien moves from his concern with moral corruption and war to one even more universally human termination (OGorman 306). OBrien also loses many things in the war.The vanquish part of the Vietnam War that OBrien shows is his loss of companions and friends. The author talks many times about his comrades throughout the book. He loses many people close to him personally and physically. There are five finishs in the novel. Ted lilac, Curt Lemon, Kiowa, Linda, and the slim Vietcong soldier (Martin 1). The worst is the loss of his good friend.OBrien loses his good and best friend there, Kiowa, in the shitfield. This oddment is the most devastate to him because of how it happened in the muck and because he was a good friend. Kiowa was gone. He was under the mud and water, folded in with the war Kiowas death actually makes h im a part of the shitfield (Chen 93). It is also very devastating because all of the men feel guilt about it because they couldnt pull him out in time to possibly save him. Kiowas death is also pointless and has no purpose except to cause pain to his friends. In the story of Kiowas death, we find a combination of imbecility of war with the guilt that must be carried by other (Martin 2). This death affects everyone in the platoon but not all deaths are gruesome and ugly.An hap kills one of the young men, named Curt Lemon, and its described by OBrien as an almost beautiful death.They were just goofing. There was a noise, I supposed, which mustve been the detonator, so I glanced behind me and watched Lemon step from the overshadow into bright sunlight.when he died it was almost beautiful, the way the sunlight came around him and lifted him up and sucked him high into a tree full of moss and vines and black-and-blue blossoms. (OBrien 70)The two soldiers are just playing a simple sec ret plan and it all ends so suddenly. He is playing a game with some other soldier, a game of toss with a smoke grenade, when he circumstantially steps on a landmine (Martin 2). Lemon and OBrien werent as good as friends as him and Kiowa but it was a bothersome death because Lemon was so young. OBrien speaks of him stepping into the light, and then the blast sucks him up into the trees.what bothers OBrien is that Curt Lemon is just a kid (Martin 2). The death isnt all-beautiful. OBrien describes the mess that is made by the accident. The white bone of an arm.pieces of skin and something wet and yellow that mustve been the intestines (OBrien 89). Another casualty happens because of bad luck.Lee Strunk dies in interlocking during a firefight. OBrien describes the wound that Strunk gets. In October Lee Strunk stepped on a rigged mortar round. It took off his right leg at the knee.then he panicked. He tried to get up and run, but there was nothing left to run on (OBrien 65). Strunk d idnt die right away but not all death occur right after the accident happens. Later we perceive that Strunk died somewhere over Chu Lai (OBrien 66). The last death happens because of carelessness.Ted Lavender was always narcotized up and this in the end leads to his death. While going to the bathroom in the woods Lieutenant Cross is daydreaming and not keeping watch for enemy soldiers. While coming back from his bathroom break Lavender is shot in the head and killed on the spot. Cross never forgives himself for his death because he was daydreaming about girls and one of his men was killed. Several incidents in The Things They Carried reveal moments when the male soldiers cannot communicate with one another (Vernon 171). Death is only a small part of the whole picture.Tim OBrien shows many of the negative sides of the war to the reader in ways that the reader can see how bad war is. He uses the examples of his friends dying, the whole ordeal in the shitfield, how war changes the me n including the mental effects, and by showing how hateful one can become because of the stressful situations and the things one sees. OBrien feels that he has to show all the negative sides of the war because he never wanted to go to war in the first place. Men go to war to fight battle that could be worked out peacefully and they fight and die for no reason. He feels that war is a bad thing and wants to show the reader that its a terrible thing and he does this very well. Even nowadays war is a problem. Many young men are dying for no reason and it needs to stop.Works CitedChen, Tina. Unraveling the Deeper Meaning Exile and the corporate poetics ofDisplacement in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried. Contemporary Literature 29.1 (spring 1998) 77-98.Herzog, Tobey C. Vietnam War Stories white Lost. London Routledge, 1992.Martin, Paul L. 24 March, 2008.http//plmartinwrite.blogspot.com/2007/11/things-they-carried.htmlNeilson, Jim. Warring Fictions. Mississippi University touch of M ississippi, 1998OBrien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York Broadway Books, 1990.OGorman, Farrel. The Things They Carried as a Composite Novel. War, Lit, and theArts.Vernon, Alex. Salvation, Storytelling and excursion in Tim OBriens the Things TheyCarried. Mosaic (Winnipeg) 36.4 (2003) 171+. Questia. 19 Mar. 2008<http//www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002093009>.

Venus’ Mirror: An Image of Baroque Art

The Baroque period was iodin of the nearly deep periods in European history. It consisted of globey changes in the continent such as the development of M inventionin Luthers reformation, which was the birth of Protestantism. It was also a time when feudalism was diminishing, leading the way to a government based on a single authority. In Spain, the best Baroque artist was Diego Velasquez.He was born in June 6, 1599 in Seville and died in August 6, 1660 because of fever. He was an apprentice of Francisco Pacheco, who was a historied disciple of Flemish and Italian realism which greatly influenced his works.In 1623, he went to Madrid, where he particolored a portrait of King Philip IV. Afterwards, he was appointed as the official painter of the royal family for six years. Aside from religious exposures, he also painted works with mythological themes. Velasquez was a true churrigueresque artist. This period of art was used by the Roman Catholic church as a way to counteract the spreading Protestantism. In Velasquezs works, he served that purpose with his bodegones which focused on subjects that are found in everyday life and combined with religious scenes.He often used the deal of Seville as models for his bodegones. The create genus Venus at her Mirror is one of the most famous paintings done by Diego Velasquez. Although baroque style originated from the Roman Catholic Church, it also gained attention from the secular side of the society hence, the mythological theme. Venus at her Mirror portrays qualities that are found in baroque paintings depicting power, massiveness, and dramatic intensity. It is an image with high contrasts of light and dark colors.The painting shows Cupid without his hunker down and arrows and holds a mirror in front of Venus. What is interesting about this painting is that it does not clearly follow principles of optics as Venus reflection in the mirror seems blurring. This irregularity is one of the main characteristics of ba roque art, where the very banter itself means irregular. It is the very same mirror which catches my attention because it does not reflect the exact details of Venus face. What the artist is expressing in this painting is that what is seen is not Venus face but her image.Its baroque influence tells us that Venus is the goddess of beauty, and the beauty is unsurpassable that Cupid himself surrendered to it, laying down his bow and arrows. It is an take-off of beauty portraying dramatic intensity. This painting shows the beautiful body of Venus. However, Velasquez painted it in such as way that the observers eye are led towards the mirror and not on the body. Thus, the painting is a reflection of realism. What we see in the mirror is only an image of a beautiful woman, but not Venus herself.In the human context, we observe that what man sees beginning is the image of a person and not the person himself. This reminds me of the first day of school of every school year, where students start to introduce themselves to one another. As the days pass, students would group themselves according to their image, creating a status quo. This labeling of peck according to their general image prevents us from expressing our true selves and our values. Let us take note that in the painting, the mirror shows only an image of a beautiful woman.Will never know how beautiful Venus really was in the painting. The fact that her beauty is incomparable perchance makes us look at it in another way. It may also be an indication that perhaps the real beauty is the one behind the image. References Diego Velazquez Biography, (n. d. ). Retrieved may 6, 2010 from http//www. spanish- fiestas. com/art/spanish-artists-velazquez. htm. Fitzpatrick, A. , (1978). The Baroque Period, Minnesota Creative Education, p. 7-12. Velazquez Venus at Her Mirror, (2009). Retrieved May 6, 2010 from http//www. paintingall. com/articles/velazquez-venus-a

Social and Mobile Marketing

Technological advancement triggered a change in the traditional marketing midway and strategies. The mesh is outright considered as one of the most effective ways to communicate to guests, to agitate and launch products. People relied more than and more on the Internet for research, com/ loving-networking-boon-or-bane/social networking, online conversation and shopping. Without the luxury of time, people started to prefer to stay home or in the office to process transactions through the Internet.The Internet service manufacturing along with computer sales drastic everyy increased because of the growing fill for Internet surfing for personal and business use. Remarkably, drive and digital marketing through Internet became the preferred marketing midways used by companies since it offers direct communication with the customer base through email, online ads, search engine listing, online generalplace relations, social bookmarking, affiliate marketing and viral electronic wor d-of-mouth marketing.With all these options to choose from, a company nooky properly profile the postulate and wants of the customers. Moreover, surveys are normally done to define the needs, feedback and preferences of the customers. With the wide range of screen background that the Internet can reach, the price is a lot cost-effective than that of the traditional mediums of marketing through TV, print and radio. One benefit of mobile advertizement is the accessibility of the target market and the impeccable knowledge about the customer in terms of demographics, usage and channel.Moreover, the delivery mechanism enables marketers to receive run away statistics and measure campaign effectiveness. With the evolving changes in the behavior of people in this scientific world, the mobile marketing strategy can surpass and grow in the next 3 to 6 years. If the behavior of people and the technological suppuration will be the metrics for advancement of mobile marketing, it can be co nfidently said an advancement will happen to this marketing practices category. On the other hand, social marketing will also be touched with the phenomenal growth in technology.Social marketing is mainly focused on changing the intractable behaviors in complex environmental, economic, social, political circumstances for the common good of people. Its main purpose is to improve the quality of life which can be considered as ambitious. A thorough and comprehensive planning is required for social marketing and it requires accurate indite of the customers. In lieu with the object glass of social marketing to change the behavior of the market, the world wide mesh is the best place to profile and to influence the market.The remarkable usage of Internet created opportunities for social marketing and advocacies. Three or six years from now, social marketing will be more comprehensive and accurate, with the availability of resources, it is more manageable to directly reach out to a cust omer base. technologically speaking, it is very much possible for the global marketing to be widely used through enhancing and automating the processes. To change the behavior of a market is furthermost too ambitious to achieve, however, the behavior of people towards advocacies and programs involve evolved.Support for such have grown in the last few years. With this change in behavior, opportunities for profiling and changing the views of people is somehow more achievable and realistic. In conclusion, in that respect are possibilities of the decline in the social marketing practices as advantageously as the digital advertising. However, these two categories of marketing can also put one over to the ever changing market preferences but enhancements will be conjecture to improve the approaches of

Article Review On “Evidence Based Management(EBM), The Very Idea” Essay

IntroductionThere has been a fresh trend in commending usher- ground firees for commission and policy making decision in the public sector. turn up based management(EBM) is an aspect that has been heavily developed and relied on in certain practices much(prenominal)(prenominal) as yard-based policy and march-based practice of medicine.  These forms of approaches utilize youthful outstrip secernate in decision making and management. Evidence based management(EBM) involves  managerial based decisions and organisational practices that argon informed by the best and available scientific severalize with the best evidence in this crusade being the norms of natural sciences. Evidence based approaches have gained fame over the years. The alike(p) has not been without its ups and down.This has seen evidence based management generate see with writers such(prenominal) as Learmouth & vitamin A Harding (2007) opposing the very idea of utilizing the widely acclaimed evidence based approach in fields such as heartyness cargon. The document reviews the(Learmouth & group A Harding (2007) word with a look at the evidence provided by the dickens in aliveness of their opposition to the drill of evidence based management (EBM) in health care. The overbearings and negatives of their arguments go out be reviewed. Evidence of the identical volition be based on the Learmouth & adenylic acid Harding (2007) condition as well as literature from related articles.DiscussionThe evidence based management as analyzed by Learmouth & Harding (2007) article presents a strong case that shows that on that point is priming coat to believe and support the explore bothwriters  have accomplished to discredit the engagement of this approach particularly in health care. Both Learmouth & Harding (2007) get up a unspoilt debate on the development of evidence based approaches to management and organization. The interrogationers understandably raise the div ulges they feel plague the theatrical role of evidence based management(EBM) in health care and in any other setting.To Learmouth & Harding (2007), this is an approach that is a misguided aspect with the unpredictable nature of evidence in the management discipline. Also, Learmouth & Hardin (2007) have the take that evidence based management is not there to help the public service and will not at the end contri simplye anything meaningful to the effectiveness in organizations (Axelsson, 1998).  This is in spite of other systems such as evidence based medicine beinghailed as the best method of reducing uncertainty in clinical practice.Learmouth & Harding (2007) opposition to the intention of evidence based management(EBM) in organisational setting raises and opens the readers eyes to a major issue in their debate-arriving at an jeerment on evidence. One is made to agree with Learmouth & Harding (2007) debate that it is one thing to reach a consensus in medicine and other fields and another in reaching the same in social sciences so as to flag the appropriateness of the use of evidence based management(EBM) in health care. Such techniques as the use of the evidence based medicine has worked well but this should not be the assumption in alone the cases as highlighted by Learmouth & Harding (2007). The position that the two researchers besides disapprove of abstract entitys in the different approaches is a positive aspect in the research.The reasons the two give is valid in that the pee and effect connections that are there in organisational research are not in any modality readily subject to controlled experiments such as those in medicine. However, there is an oversight and thus a damage in Learmouth & Harding (2007) debate.One can counter their opposition to the generalization point on the use of evidence based management(EBM)in that where the presence of trim necessitates the establishment of decision making rules which the sci entific corporation is able to endorse. Learmouth & Harding (2007) would want their readers to believe that a solution to finding a type and effect connection in organizational settings does not exist but this is not the case (Parker, 2001).This is a side that is missing in their debate in that over the years, there has been the establishment of consensus around the use of shaping reviews and meta-analysis in order to identify the convergent findings in the organizational research and the boundary conditions.Learmouth & Harding (2007) do not leave any pick to the reader to see a encounter in the establishment of a movement towards evidence based management which would even be competent of fostering great attention to the convergent findings and their implications to practice and science. One feels that Learmouth & Harding (2007) are advocating and supporting the continued fragmentation and novelty in the up-to-the-minute organizational research. By focusing on the hi gh consensus areas, there will be a chance for EBM (evidence based management) to have efforts directed towards be for divergence and inconsistency in the areas of limited convergence in organizational research(Linstead & Grafton-Sm solely, 1992).Managerialism is also another major issue that Learmouth & Harding (2007) raise with the use of Evidence Based Management (EBM).  The researchers support the opposition to the use of the same in such systems as organizations. According to Learmouth & Harding (2007), the use of EBM supports and reinforces Managerialism. The evidence based approaches are used to reinforce the managerial tycoon with some forms of legitimized forms of evidence while they obscure non-managerial ways of under rest organizational life.One can associate with such an argument in that the evidence given by Learmouth & Harding (2007) is that there have been long standing workplace ethnographies which have stood to benefit organizations by such acts a s exposing power, contrast and conflicts in the organizations (Kovner et al., 2000).  Thus elements such as Managerialism have no chance of prospering in such an environment. This greatly benefits the organization.However, there is a downside to the rating of only one side of the effect of EBM as far as Managerialism is concerned. The evidence by Learmouth & Harding (2007) is hinged on bias on whether there has been enough inquiry to the effective ways of organizing and managing based on little non-traditional and hierarchical view of workers, governance and employment (Ferlie et al., 2001). It is not justifiable to mop off EBM on managerialism alkali since the same would serve as a counterforce to the self- serving and arbitrariness bias observed in the form firms are managed and organized nowadays (Parker, 2001). Any innovation can be touch on in that it can be misused. Evidence of such is the presence of a regulation in the use of evidence based medicine in the UK Na tional wellness Service. However, the use of EBM can act as the basis to develop effective organizational and professional competencies (Harris, 1998).Learmouth & Harding (2007) are fishy of the role that EBM may come to acquire in terms of power. The two are skeptic of the fact that EBM may become an avenue that serves interests. This shows how Learmouth & Harding (2007) have put a great deal of effort into all the aspects that may barricade the smooth operation of such programs as EBM in health care.As researchers, they have succeeded in evaluating all the angles of a research issue. Learmouth & Harding (2007) show that it would be nave to not think of political sympathies as the same are pervasive and real. Such an aspect as the development and implementation of EBM to organization and management can affect such issues as how legitimacy, funding  and influence is allocated to such groups as practitioners, teachers and scholars. Management is allay of such aspects such as social and political interests as well as moral considerations.  However, true as this may be and a correct inference by Learmouth & Harding (2007), power and politics cannot be avoided.The real problem that Learmouth & Harding (2007) seem to be wary of is that soft research may not be able to meet the evidential standards that EBM may incorporate and employ (Linstead & Grafton-Small, 1992).   Also, Learmouth & Harding (2007) seem to be wary that qualitative research may be devalued which will result in the decline of legitimacy as well as its funding. Evidence cannot be said to be of particular measure or method social science uses.As contradictory to Learmouth & Harding (2007) flutter with unobstructed power in the use of EBM, this may not be the case as qualitative research is a sure way of identifying the areas in science that are not clear. Qualitative research is sure-footed of being put into practice to identify the meanings underlying the observed patterns and also in helping to translate the evidence into practice through geographic expedition of the politics, subjectivity and the conflicts that are involved in the changes to organizational practice (Carter, 2000). purposeThe implementation and the design of the EBM is not an aspect that should be generalized and opposed without full evaluation. The implementation as well as the design of EBM should be subject to critical inquiry. The critique by Learmouth & Harding (2007) evades some aspects and in doing so mislead the audience. There is no denying that EBM may affect all the management aspects but the same should not be a reason to abandon the approach. There should and will be movements towards EBM which involve many of the community that are interested in the design of the same. There will be development, implementation, learning and redesign over time. Fear of loss should not hinder the focus for the opportunity on constructive change.ReferencesAxelsson , R . 1998 . Towards an Evidence-based Health parcel out Management , International   Journal of Health Planning and Management , 13 , 307 17 .Ferlie , E . , J . Gabbay , L . Fitzgerald , et al . 2001 . Evidence-based Medicine and     Organisational wobble an Overview of Some Recent Qualitative Research , in L .        Ashburner ( ed .), Organisational Behaviour and Organisational Studies in Health Care       Refl ections on the Future . Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan, pp . 18 42 .Carter , J . 2000 . New Public Management and Equal Opportunities in the NHS , Critical     Social Policy , 20 , 61 83 .Harrison , S . 1998 . The Politics of Evidence-based Medicine , Policy and Politics , 26 , 15            31 .Kovner , A . R . , J . J . Elton and J . Billings . 2000 . Evidence-based Management , Frontiers          of Health Serv ices Management , 16 , 3 24 .Linstead , S . and R . Grafton-Small . 1992 . On Reading Organizational Culture ,      Organization Studies , 13 , 331 55 .Parker , M . 2002 . Against Management Organization in the Age of Managerialism .     Cambridge Polity packLearmouth, M., & Harding, N. (April 01, 2007). Evidence-based management The very            idea. Sage Public Administration Abstracts, 34, 1.)